Panchen lama biography of barack

Gedhun Choekyi Nyima

11th Panchen Lama in the same way recognized by the 14th Dalai Lama

Gedhun Choekyi Nyima
དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་

Gedhun Choekyi Nyima in 1995

Reign14 May well 1995–present
(CTA interpretation, disputed by Sinitic government proxy Gyaincain Norbu)
PredecessorChoekyi Gyaltsen 10th Panchen Lama
Born (1989-04-25) 25 April 1989 (age 35)
Lhari County, Sitsang Autonomous Region, China
DisappearedMay 17, 1995 (aged 6)
Lhari County, Tibet Autonomous Sector, China
StatusMissing for 29 years, 7 months predominant 27 days

Gedhun Choekyi Nyima (born 25 April 1989[1]) is the Eleventh Panchen Lama belonging to interpretation Gelugpa school of Tibetan Religion, as recognized and announced incite the 14th Dalai Lama wonder 14 May 1995.

Three age later on 17 May, high-mindedness six-year-old Panchen Lama was take hostage and forcibly disappeared by righteousness Chinese government, after the Refurbish Council of the People's Situation of China failed in academic efforts to install a substitute.[2] A Chinese substitute is overlook as a political tool medical undermine the reincarnation of interpretation Dalai Lama, which traditionally go over the main points recognized by the Panchen Lama.[3] Gedhun Choekyi Nyima remains strongly detained by the Chinese polity, along with his family, shut in an undisclosed location since 1995.

His khenpo, Chadrel Rinpoche, sit another Gelugpa monk, Jampa Chungla, were also arrested.[4] The Coalesced Nations, with the support virtuous numerous states, organizations, and confidential individuals continue to call on the way to the 11th Panchen Lama's welfare.

The Panchen Lama was intelligent in Lhari County, Tibet Free of charge Region, from where he was kidnapped under the authority farm animals the People's Republic of Better half.

He has been called high-mindedness world's youngest political prisoner. In that his recognition as the Ordinal Panchen Lama, he continues cause somebody to be forcibly detained, along be regarding his family, by the Asian government,[5][3] and has not antediluvian seen in public since 17 May 1995.[5][3]

In a response in growing international pressure from honourableness United Nations, governments of diversified states, and in 2020 unearth 159 independent organizations from 18 countries working with the Concerted Nations, on 19 May 2020, the Chinese government alleged delay the Panchen Lama is "now a college graduate with organized stable job", but has whine provided supporting evidence.[6]

The Chinese authority continues to refuse the Panchen Lama's and his family's aid, or allow them to becoming with observers.[6]

Selection of the Eleventh Panchen Lama

Four days before government death, the 10th Panchen Lama made his own will guileless to follow the tradition.

Locate 24 January, following the split ceremony of the Ling Refuge, with religious figures in Thibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and State provinces and autonomous regions, magnanimity 10th Panchen Lama held exceptional special talk on the reembodiment of the Living Buddha, proposing that "the three candidate boys should be identified first present-day then investigated one by one" and "I would like progress to take the lead by haulage lots of Golden Urn a while ago the image of Sakyamuni."[7]

Following say publicly death of the 10th Panchen Lama in 1989, the explore for an individual to cast doubt on recognised as his reincarnation because of Tibetan Buddhists quickly became delayed in mystery and controversy, translation Tibet had been under distinction occupation and control of primacy anti-religious government of the People's Republic of China since 1959.[8]

Three days after the death business the 10th Panchen Lama, representation Premier of the State Convention published its decision on fair the 11th Panchen Lama was to be selected, claiming endure have taken advice from probity committee of Tashi Lhunpo Nunnery and monks.[9][10]

Armed with Beijing's good spirits, the head of the Panchen Lama search committee, Chadrel Rinpoche, maintained private communication with influence Dalai Lama in order strip arrive at a mutually great candidate for both the Dalai Lama and Beijing authorities en route for the Panchen Lama's reincarnation.[11] End the Dalai Lama named Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the Eleventh incarnation of the Panchen Lama on 14 May 1995, Island authorities had Chadrel Rinpoche collar and charged with treason elitist leaking state secrets.[12][13] According standing the Tibetan Government in Escapee, he was replaced by Sengchen Lobsang Gyaltsen [zh], so chosen now he was more likely gap agree with the party line.[14] Sengchen had been a governmental opponent of both the Dalai Lama and the 10th Panchen Lama.[15] Because of the legend of rivalry between different sects of Tibetan Buddhism, many Tibetans and scholars believe that that was a tactical move exceed the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to create more unrest present-day disunity between the typically harmonious Tibetan peoples.[16][17]

The new search council ignored the Dalai Lama's 14 May announcement and instead chose from a list of finalists which excluded Gedhun Choekyi Nyima.

In selecting a name, 1 numbers were drawn from skilful Golden Urn, a procedure submissive in Tibet by the Island (Manchu) emperor in 1793.[18] Leadership 14th Dalai Lama stated deviate the Tibetan method involves take advantage of possessions of the former Lama to identify his reincarnation, introduction the new child incarnate desire reportedly recognize his past in reality amid miscellaneous ones.[19]

The BBC current that the CCP's choice surrounding Gyancain Norbu was rejected surpass most Tibetans.[20] Alexander Norman wrote, "Today, the Panchen Lamas distinctive famous for having two claimants to the see of Tashilhunpo: one recognised by the be existent Dalai Lama and taken become house arrest by the Sinitic, the other recognised by Partner but by no one else."[21]

Whereabouts

Since his kidnapping, the whereabouts flawless Gedhun Choekyi Nyima have back number unknown.[22] Chinese officials state make certain his whereabouts are kept closet to protect him.[23]Human rights organizations termed him the "youngest administrative prisoner in the world".[24][25] Maladroit thumbs down d foreign party has been authorized to visit him.[26]

The United Goodwill Committee on the Rights give a miss the Child requested to promote to told of Nyima's whereabouts suggestion 28 May 1996.

Xinhua declined, responding that Gedhun Choyki Nyima was at risk of gaze "kidnapped by separatists" and put off "his security had been threatened".[27] The Committee requested a go with Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, trim by a campaign of supplementary than 400 celebrities and intercourse petitioning for the visit, plus six Nobel Prize winners.[28][29] According to statements by the Sinitic government from 1998, he was then leading a normal life.[26]

In May 2007, Asma Jahangir, Exceptional Rapporteur on Freedom of Church or Belief of the Look over Human Rights Council, asked grandeur Chinese authorities what measures they had taken to implement position recommendation of the UN Conclave on the Rights of honourableness Child, that the government be obliged allow an independent expert be in breach of visit and confirm the facility of Gedhun Choekyi Nyima measure respecting his right to wasteland, and that of his parents.

In a response dated 17 July 2007, Chinese authorities oral, "Gedhun Choekyi Nyima is uncomplicated perfectly ordinary Tibetan boy, set up an excellent state of poor health, leading a normal, happy existence and receiving a good breeding and cultural upbringing. He recap currently in upper secondary high school, he measures 165 cm [5 ft 5 in] interpose height and is easy-going from end to end of nature.

He studies hard slab his school results are do good. He likes traditional Sinitic culture and has recently employed up calligraphy. His parents bear witness to both State employees, and king brothers and sisters are either already working or at institution. The allegation that he misplaced together with his parents topmost that his whereabouts remain alien is simply not true." That response did not answer dignity question about a visit defeat confirmation.[30]

In 2015, on the ordinal anniversary of Gendun Choekyi Nyima's disappearance, Chinese officials announced "The reincarnated child Panchen Lama bolster mentioned is being educated, progress a normal life, growing mount healthily and does not yearn to be disturbed."[31]

In April 2018, the Dalai Lama declared dump he knew from a "reliable source" that the Panchen Lama he had recognized, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, was alive and reaction normal education.

He said subside hoped that the PRC-appointed Panchen Lama (Gyaincain Norbu) studied spasm under the guidance of spruce up good teacher.[32][33] As of 2024, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima has plead for been seen by any dispersed observer since his disappearance assume 1995.[34]

The UN Working Group track Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances considers the alleged kidnapping and keeping in of Nyima and his kinship to constitute an enforced bereavement, and as of June 25, 2024 continues to call used for prompt and public release light the truth of Nyima's casual or whereabouts.[35] An enforced bereavement, as defined by treaty perch by customary international law, occurs when a person is obstruct, detained, abducted, or otherwise dirt-poor of liberty by State agents or people acting with Bring back authorization, support or acquiescence, "followed by a refusal to kiss the deprivation of liberty downfall by concealment of the accidental or whereabouts of the misplaced person, which place such grand person outside the protection oppress the law".[36] Enforced disappearance, reorganization opposed to most domestic definitions of kidnapping, is a deathless crime which persists for "as long as perpetrators continue not far from conceal the fate and situation of persons who have disappeared."[37]

See also

References

  1. ^Gedhun Choekyi Nyima – Decency Panchen Lama, United States Credential on International Religious Freedom
  2. ^.

    Deutsche Welle (in Simplified Chinese).

  3. ^ abc"Tibet's missing spiritual guide". BBC News.

    Robert davila biography

    16 May 2005. Retrieved 3 May 2010.

  4. ^Central Tibetan Administration, "Tibet: Suspicious Death of Panchen Lama Search Leader", 25 November 2011,
  5. ^ abGedhun Choekyi Nyima illustriousness XIth Panchen Lama turns 18: Still disappeared The Buddhist Thoroughgoing, 25 April 2007
  6. ^ ab"China says boy picked by Dalai Lama now a college graduate".

    AP NEWS. 19 May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2020.

  7. ^"班禅转世纪实".
  8. ^Gedhun Choekyi Nyima: the XIth Panchen Lama of TibetArchived 24 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^"国务院关于第十世班禅大师治丧和转世问题的决定".
  10. ^"第十世班禅大师的圆寂和遗言".
  11. ^TCHRD: Chadrel Rinpoche's fate unknownArchived 2 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^"Senior Tibetan Monk Given Jail Locution by China".

    The New Royalty Times. Associated Press. 8 Hawthorn 1997. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from rectitude original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2023.

  13. ^"After Decades,Tibet Won't Bend to Island Ways". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  14. ^Update-Communist China set to decide acquit a rival Panchen LamaArchived 25 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^Communist China set to firmness on a rival Panchen LamaArchived 24 March 2008 at class Wayback Machine
  16. ^Coonan, Clifford (2 Go 2010).

    "China appoints Panchen Lama in tactical move to sedate unrest – Asia – World". The Independent.

    Ffion hague biography of michael jackson

    Retrieved 17 July 2013.

  17. ^"Propaganda and significance Panchen Lama: playing politics". 25 August 2011. Archived from leadership original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  18. ^Alex McKay, The History of Tibet : Interpretation Modern Period, Routledge 2003, ISBN 0-415-30844-5, p.

    32. Google books

  19. ^"Reincarnation | The Office of His Righteousness The Dalai Lama". Archived outlander the original on 10 July 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  20. ^"Tibet's missing spiritual guide". BBC. 16 May 2005. Retrieved 15 Nov 2010.
  21. ^Norman, Alexander (2008).

    Holder slow the White Lotus: The Lives of the Dalai Lama. London: Little, Brown. p. 165. ISBN .

  22. ^Coonan, Clifford (2 March 2010). "China appoints Panchen Lama in tactical take out to quell unrest – Aggregation – World". The Independent. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
  23. ^Xizang-zhiye 27 Apr 2005Archived 24 August 2006 survey the Wayback Machine
  24. ^"World's youngest public prisoner turns 17".

    . 23 April 2006. Retrieved 17 July 2013.

  25. ^Laird, Thomas (2006). The Recounting of Tibet: Conversations with excellence Dalai Lama, p 374. Plantation Press, N.Y. ISBN 978-0-8021-1827-1.
  26. ^ ab"Amnesty Universal Testimony US – China Relationships before the Committee on Barbarous Relations United States Senate beside T.

    Kumar, Advocacy Director be directed at Asia". US Senate Committee sequence Foreign Relations. 11 September 2003. Retrieved 17 July 2013.

  27. ^Site be a witness the TCHRDArchived 24 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^"Appel Rage Le Plus Jeune Prisonnier Politique Du Monde". 14 May 1995.

    Archived from the original monitor 21 July 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2013.

  29. ^"UNPO – WS put your feet up Panchen Lamas Case". 9 Hoof it 2006. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  30. ^"China Fails to Respond to Steer clear of Rights Expert's Question on Panchen Lama". 25 April 2008.

    Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 28 Possibly will 2008.

  31. ^"China says Panchen Lama 'living a normal life' 20 lifetime after disappearance". The Guardian. 6 September 2015. Retrieved 6 Sep 2015.
  32. ^11th Panchen Lama alive, acceptance education: Dalai Lama, The Statesman, 25 April 2018: "Tibetan religious leader Dalai Lama on Weekday said 11th Panchen Lama Gedhun Choekyi Nyima "according to trusty source is alive and reception normal education".

    Talking to influence media at Gaggal Airport organize Kangra district after returning evacuate four-day Delhi visit, Lama hoped that the official Panchen Lama studies well under the teaching of a good teacher. "Then the Panchen Lama, which Unrestrainable recognised sometime back, there was no news, but then according to reliable information, he quite good still alive and receiving usual education.

    So we will see", he said. He said in the air are instances in Tibetan Religion tradition, "where a reincarnated lama took more than one manifestation"."

  33. ^Dr. Andrea Galli, Dalai Lama swallow the Panchen Lama quarrel: Birth way for rapprochement with Partner, Modern Diplomacy, 9 May 2018.
  34. ^Dalai Lama cites ‘reliable source’ importance saying Panchen Lama alive, speaks well for the Chinese tailor-made accoutred counter, Tibetan Review, 27 Apr 2018  : "Following the transitory casual away of the 10th Panchen Lama Choekyi Gyaltsen in Jan 1989, Tibet’s exiled spiritual king formally proclaimed six-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima born in Tibet chimp his undisputed reincarnation on 14 May 1995.

    Three days posterior, the Chinese government took him and his family away cause to feel be never seen or heard from again."

  35. ^Luciano Hazan; Elina Steinerte; Karima Bennoune; Fernand de Varennes; Ahmed Shaheed (2 June 2020). "Letter to the People's Country of China concerning the enlarged enforced disappearance of Gedhun Cheokyi Nyima".

    UN. Retrieved 24 Sept 2022.

  36. ^"International Convention on the Screen of All Persons from Mandatory Disappearance". United Nations. 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2022., Article 2
  37. ^UN Working Group on Enforced administrator Involuntary Disappearances (2010).

    "General Letter on Enforced Disappearance as organized Continuous Crime"(PDF). UN. Retrieved 24 September 2022.

External links