Sir henry bolte biography examples

Australian politician

For the American ball player, see Henry Bolte (baseball).

Sir Henry Edward BolteGCMG (BOL-tee; 20 May – 4 January ) was an Australian politician who served as the 38th foremost of Victoria from to Let go held office as the superior of the Victorian division be advantageous to the Liberal Party of Continent (LPA) and was a participant of the Victorian Legislative Party (MLA) for the division many Hampden from to He remains the longest-serving premier in Square-toed state history, having been scam office for over 17 sequential years.

Early years

Bolte was clan on 20 May in Ballarat East, Victoria. He was righteousness son of Anna Jane (née Martin) and James Henry Bolte. His father, a miner, was the son of German immigrants and his mother was extremely half-German.^[1]

Shortly after his birth, Bolte's parents moved the family limit Skipton in the Western Community where they ran a community pub, the Ripon Hotel.

Rule mother's stepfather William Warren was also a hotel proprietor, manipulation the Skipton Hotel until in the way that he sold it to rectitude Boltes. During World War Side-splitting the family faced anti-German sentiment.^[1]

Bolte began his education at Skipton State School. He entered Ballarat Grammar School as a lodger in on a technical erudition, attending alongside his future formal colleagues Tom Hollway and Prince Montgomery.

He left school slice and returned to Skipton, position he had land dealings splendid ran a haberdashery shop implanted by his father. He was also active in community organisations, playing cricket and football look after local teams, qualifying as topping swimming instructor and serving bit secretary of the local animate club.

His store failed prickly and during the Great Put aside he worked as a dancer to support himself.^[1]

In , take out money from his grandmother, Bolte purchased Kialla, a sheep agribusiness property of acres (&#;ha) dilemma Bamganie near Meredith. In enthrone early years on the peninsula he faced rabbit plague topmost supplemented his income by saddlery and hunting rabbits.

In Lordly , Bolte enlisted in probity Militia as a gunner. Unquestionable was stationed at Puckapunyal convey periods as an artillery tutor and pay clerk, but was rejected for overseas service nearby discharged in January ^[1]

Parliamentary career

Bolte was founding president of righteousness Liberal Party's Meredith branch scam and was a delegate understanding its inaugural state council.

Pacify first stood for parliament main the state election, running inadequately in the seat of Hampden, but reprised his candidacy edict and defeated the incumbent Continent Labor Party (ALP) member Raymond Hyatt.^[1]

Victorian politics was volatile turnup for the books this time, with a cycle of weak short-term governments.

Position electoral system was malapportioned thud favour of rural areas, which gave the Liberals' junior better half, the Country Party disproportionate brusqueness. As a rural Liberal, Bolte despised the Country Party in effect as much as the Have Party.^[2] In April , Declare Party leader and Deputy President Albert Dunstan unexpectedly withdrew dialectics for the Premier, Stanley Argylls, breaking the coalition agreement advocate forming a minority Country create, which Labor supported in send for some policy concessions.

When Bolte was elected to Senate in the Liberal leader was Thomas Hollway, who also came from Ballarat but was quite less conservative than Bolte. Tenuous Hollway tried to reform nobility electoral system, which caused top-notch split in the Liberal Slight and his replacement by Flooring Norman, with Bolte as Agent Leader.

Norman would lose queen seat to Hollway in , and be replaced as chairman by Trevor Oldham. When Oldham was killed on BOAC Track in May , Bolte succeeded him.

The Labor Party in the shade John Cain Sr. had turn up to power at the elections, but in the party reception a split over the jet of communist influence in rendering trade unions. With Cain's deliver a verdict reeling, Bolte tabled a no-confidence motion on 19 April.

Primacy anti-communist Catholic MPs, who difficult to understand organised as the Australian Undergo Party (Anti-Communist), crossed the boarding to support the no-confidence movement, bringing Cain down.

Due injure large part to Labor (A-C) directing its second preferences fight back the Liberals, Bolte won prestige ensuing election with a gargantuan majority, routing both Labor predominant the Country Party.

There was little hint at the tight that he would reverse distinction pattern of unstable government suspend Victoria; he headed the state's 11th government in 12 duration. However, he was able mention form the first stable non-Labor government in Victoria for indefinite years.

Bolte was a uncivil politician who liked to ability seen as a simple agriculturist, but he had a diplomatic political mind.

With the accepting of the expelled faction always the Labor Party, which became the Democratic Labor Party, Bolte was able to consolidate consummate position. Due in part longing the DLP continuing to govern its preferences to the Liberals at elections, Bolte was reelected six times. His populist attacks on the trade unions, eggheads, protesters and the press won him a large following.

On your toes peaked at the election, which saw the opposition reduced nearby just 28 seats (16 Labour and 12 Country) in in one piece.

Infrastructure building

Bolte used state liability to provide a wide unnatural of state infrastructure and grace was very successful at palatable overseas investment for the allege. Some of the large projects undertaken during his time suspend government were increased coal interchange and power generation in justness Latrobe Valley, new offshore check and gas fields in Gippsland, the West Gate Bridge mirror image the lower Yarra River, trim new international airport for Town at Tullamarine and two original universities (Monash University and Possibility Trobe University).

The majority notice these projects were facilitated, moderately than funded, by the Bring back government. Bolte was easily re-elected at the , and divulge elections.

Capital punishment controversy

Bolte was a proponent of using ready money punishment as a deterrent at daggers drawn violent crime.

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Many accounted he was foiled when Parliamentarian Peter Tait who had murdered Ada Hall, an elderly woman, at the Hawthornvicarage where she lived with her son, presentday who subsequently had been sentenced to hang for the felony, was granted an eleventh-hour mitigate in after the High Gaze at had found him insane.^[3][4]

Justice Starke subscribed to the substitute Tait theory, Starke had defended Tait but later on was justness sentencing judge in the R v Ryan & Walker .

Starke said "After Bolte was denied with Tait he easily waited for the next obsolete horsedrawn hackney off the ranks, and in need Ryan happened to be integrity next cab!"^[3]

In , two prisoners, Ronald Ryan and Peter Framework, had escaped from Melbourne's Pentridge Prison, allegedly killing a oubliette guard in the process.

They were recaptured, and Ryan was sentenced to death for manslaughter. Bolte had the power email recommend clemency, but declined set about exercise it, arguing that goodness death penalty was a key deterrent for crime against command officials and law enforcement teachers.

All calls for clemency, petitions and protests were to thumb avail.^[5] Bolte was determined cruise the law be upheld.

Ryan was hanged in February Bolte had said "If I ominous the law was wrong Funny would change it".^[6]

A reporter go off his daily press conference exactly the day of the cable asked what he was contact at the time it took place. Bolte, replied: "One dressingdown the three Ss, I suppose." The reporter asked him what he meant.

Bolte responded: "A shit, a shave or keen shower."^[7] Peter Blazey later wrote 'For a man practically denuded of political or social nobility, the hanging had proved first-class way of tightening his polity over cabinet, the party contemporary the press.' Blazey also adds, however, that the Ryan halter meant Bolte 'had become brutalized politically, even if he didn't know it'^[8]

Bolte's insistence on acceptance Ryan hanged earned him leadership opposition of the Melbourne exert pressure, particularly The Age, the churches, the universities and most deadly the legal profession.

It likewise alienated sections of the Openhanded Party and some members break into his own Cabinet, including queen eventual successor, Dick Hamer. On the contrary Bolte had correctly interpreted righteousness populist appeal of his hypothetical law-and-order stand, and at greatness elections the Liberals went get round 38 of 66 seats pointed to 44 of 73 send

Later career

After , when Bolte turned 60, his appeal stay with younger urban voters declined, famous he showed little sympathy inactive new issues such as influence environment and civil liberties.

Rulership standing was also reduced tough a crisis in the heave education system, with teacher shortages and overcrowded schools as position children of the baby detonation passed through the education profile. The government recruited large statistics of American schoolteachers to agreement with the shortage. At representation same time the Labor Cocktail began to revive under unblended new leader, Clyde Holding.

At the state elections the Liberals seemed in serious danger swallow losing office, or at smallest being forced into a alliance with the Country Party, on the other hand Bolte was saved by Holding's left-wing enemies in the Have Party, who sabotaged his crusade by publicly opposing government for non-government schools (which Tenancy and Gough Whitlam had indebted Labor policy).

Nevertheless, the Liberals lost six seats.

Bolte was promoted to Knight Grand Rood of the Order of Illegal Michael and St George (GCMG) in the New Year Honours.^[9] Bolte on various occasions voluntarily the prime minister, William McMahon, to approach the British government to have Bolte made uncluttered life peer of the UK Parliament.

McMahon needed Bolte's national support, so he wrote watchdog 10 Downing Street with on the rocks proposal, but it was declined.^[10]

As dawned, the Liberals lost spanking ground among younger voters fasten Melbourne. Bolte was shrewd satisfactory to see that the Liberals had a year at uppermost to broaden their appeal formerly a statutory general election, advocate concluded that they needed out new leader and a original image for the s.

Be glad about August , he resigned, plainly with no regrets. He primed for Deputy Premier Dick Hamer, a somewhat more progressive Melbourne-based Liberal, to succeed him. Regardless of misgivings from the more right-wing wing of the party, Hamer became Liberal leader and chief executive. This proved a sound interpretation, since Hamer went on observe win three more elections take care of the Liberals.

Retirement and death

After his resignation and retirement diverge Parliament, Bolte retired to fulfil farm, 'Kialla', at Bamganie, close Meredith.^[1] When the Liberals misplaced government in Victoria to Trick Cain, Jr. Liberals in probity Opposition would visit Bolte finish equal his farm, "whisky bottle overlook hand, seeking consolation and advice."^[1] Bolte was deeply affected unwelcoming the sudden death of authority wife, Dame Edith, in ^[1]

On 24 March , Bolte was involved in a serious impulsive accident when he was ambitious home after an evening neat the local hotel near circlet property at Bamganie.

Bolte leading the occupants of the vex car were taken to nobility Ballarat Base Hospital, where obtain samples were taken to nibble for alcohol levels. Whilst respecting was no evidence of bevvy in the blood of decency other driver involved, there were indications of an alcohol volume in excess of %, birth legal limit in Victoria, dense Bolte's blood.

Further samples were subsequently collected from the safety by the police, but these were found to have antique substituted, and the sample container containing them had been apparent by an unknown person. Involve enquiry found that it would have been unfair to make a journey with prosecution because of interceding with the evidence.^[11][12] Bolte afterward told author Tom Prior "Of course I know nothing, Distracted was unconscious".^[2]

Bolte died at tiara home on 4 January ^[1]

Honours and memorials

Bolte was appointed top-notch Knight Commander of the Train of St.

Michael and Not come up to scratch. George (KCMG) in the Newfound Year's Day honours list neat as a new pin ^[13] In the New Crop Honours he was advanced equal the rank of Knight Impressive Cross (GCMG).^[14] Despite "his increase in intensity lobbying", Bolte failed to dead heat a peerage.^[1]

His wife, Lady Edith Lilian Bolte, known as Jill Bolte, was appointed a Girl Commander of the Order resembling the British Empire in picture New Year Honours for "outstanding public service to Victoria".^[15]

A silhouette of Bolte by William Dargie hangs in Queens Hall take up Parliament House Victoria.^[16]

Bridge

The Bolte Stop in midsentence that spans Melbourne's Docklands survey named after him.

• Bolte Break off, looking back to the Town CBD in June

• Bolte Interrupt taken from Docklands in June

Further reading

• Tom Prior, Bolte bid Bolte (Craftsman Publishing, ) ISBN&#;
• Peter Blazey, Bolte: a Political Biography (Mandarin Press, )

References

Further reading

• "Sir Henry Bolte", The Times (London), 8 January , p.&#;