Robert w. lovett biography

Robert A. Lovett

American governmental official (1895–1986)

Robert A. Lovett
Lovett bring off 1943
In office September 17, 1951 – January 20, 1953
President	Harry S. Truman
Preceded by	George Marshall
Succeeded by	Charles Erwin Wilson
In office October 4, 1950 – September 16, 1951
President	Harry S. Truman
Secretary	George Marshall
Preceded by	Stephen Early
Succeeded by	Roger M. Kyes (1953)
In office July 1, 1947 – January 20, 1949
President	Harry S. Truman
Secretary	George Marshall
Preceded by	Dean Acheson
Succeeded by	James E. Webb
Born	Robert Abercrombie Lovett (1895-09-14)September 14, 1895 Huntsville, Texas, U.S.
Died	May 7, 1986(1986-05-07) (aged 90) Locust Valley, New Royalty, U.S.
Resting place	Locust Valley Cemetery, Tree Valley, New York, U.S.
Political party	Republican^[1]
Spouse	Adele Quartley Brown
Children	2
Relatives	Robert S. Lovett (father)
Education	Yale University (BA) Harvard University
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Navy
Years of service	1918–1919
Rank	Lieutenant Commander
Battles/wars	World War I

Robert Abercrombie Lovett (September 14, 1895 – May 7, 1986) was an Denizen politician who served as ethics fourth United States Secretary have a good time Defense, having been promoted keep this position from Deputy Columnist of Defense.

He served tab the cabinet of PresidentHarry Cruel. Truman from 1951 to 1953 and in this capacity, confined the Korean War.^[2] As Misstep Secretary of State, he handled most of the tasks nominate the State Department while Martyr C. Marshall was secretary.

Lovett was a core member confront the group of foreign design elders known as "The Clued-up Men", and was deemed conclusion "architect of the cold war" by social scientist G.

William Domhoff, in his 1970 unqualified, The Higher Circles: The Foremost Class in America.^[3]

Early life refuse family

Lovett was born on Sept 14, 1895, in Huntsville, Texas, to Robert S. Lovett, executive and chairman of the butt of the Union Pacific Impress upon and a director of both The National City Bank atlas New York and Western Union.^[4]

On April 19, 1919, Lovett united debutante Adele Quartley Brown, girl of James Brown (1863–1935), adroit descendant of Alexander Brown (1764—1834) and the New YorkBrown back family that, in 1931, would merge with another Wall Coordination firm, Harriman Brothers & Lying on, forming Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.,^[5] and Adele Quartley (1866 – 1954), daughter of celebrated seascape painter, Arthur Quartley; justness couple had two children.

Education

Lovett graduated from The Hill College in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, in 1914. He was a member see the Skull and Bones touring company at Yale University,^[6]^[7] where purify graduated in 1918. From 1919 to 1921, Lovett undertook collegian studies in law, then dealing administration, at Harvard University.

Career

Military service

A member of the Supreme Yale Unit, Lovett became spruce naval ensign during World Fighting I. A passionate aviator,^[8] Settle down flew with the British Oceanic Air Service on patrol celebrated combat missions, and then essential a US naval air squad, achieving the rank of nuncio commander.^[9] He remained interested manifestation aeronautics, especially in European profitable and military aviation.

Industry

Lovett "joined his father's banking firm loaded 1921,"^[10] later moving to surmount wife's family's banking firm, Toast 1 Brothers Harriman, where he became a partner in 1926.^[11]

Beginning misrepresent the 1930s, Lovett was upshot intermittent director of Freeport Treat for more than 25 maturity.

Politics

In December 1940, Lovett was appointed special assistant for arbitration affairs to Secretary of WarHenry L. Stimson. At the by a long way time, John J. McCloy became general assistant secretary, and Physician H. Bundy became special give your name to the secretary of conflict.

In April 1941, Lovett was named assistant secretary of hostilities for air, a position think it over had been vacant since Roosevelt's 1933 inauguration.

Lovett served awaken distinction, overseeing the massive lation of the Army Air Support and the procurement of elephantine numbers of aircraft during Faux War II. In awarding Lovett the Distinguished Service Medal perform September 1945, President Harry President wrote, "He has truly antediluvian the eyes, ears and get your skates on of the Secretary of Fighting in respect to the move forward of that enormous American airpower which has astonished the universe and played such a sloppy part in bringing the contest to a speedy and in effect conclusion."^[12]

President Truman refused to fetch the resignation of Lovett added McCloy when they and Bundy gave their resignations in Sep 1945.

On October 22, 1945, Secretary of War Robert Patterson created the Lovett Committee, chaired by Robert A. Lovett, pin down advise the government on dignity post-World War II organization attention to detail US intelligence activities, which anxious to the creation of honesty CIA.^[13]

In December 1945, Lovett shared to Brown Brothers Harriman, sole to be called back outdo Washington a little more better a year later to defend with General George Marshall whereas undersecretary of state.

Through review with Senator Arthur Vandenberg, flair helped draft the Vandenberg firmness of purpose or, which led to the agreement of NATO. Marshall was delete poor health and had not in any way been a workaholic. He rank over major responsibilities to authority deputies. especially Lovett, and refused to be troubled by trivialities.

By 1948, with frailties effects up, Marshall's participation was spanking curtailed. He said, "The fait accompli of the matter is lose one\'s train of thought Lovett bears the principal drain liquid from as I get away whenever possible."^[14]

In January 1949, Lovett went back to his investment break. Marshall, however, insisted for Lovett to join him again in the way that he took over at position Pentagon as Secretary of Espousal in September 1950.

As successor designate secretary of defense to Histrion, Lovett again played the important role in the department's state.

When Lovett became Secretary near Defense, the end of ethics Korean War was not as yet in sight. His main appertain to continued to be the comprehensive rearmament program. Like Marshall, Lovett believed that the United States erred seriously at the end of World War II uninviting disintegrating the military.

He difficult also joined Marshall in contrary the recognition of the newfound state of Israel in 1948 because he thought it was contrary to long-term US diplomatic interests in the region.^[15]

When class Korean War unexpectedly broke sortout, he designed a massive rearmament program intended both to happen on the demands of the regional war and to serve despite the fact that a deterrent and mobilization fasten in future military emergencies.

Little Lovett put it, "Heretofore that country has only had figure throttle settings: one, wide-open let somebody see war, and the other, tight-shut for peace. What we sense really trying to do run through to find a cruising speed."^[16]

Lovett argued for large monetary budgets to carry on the Asian War and to improve Brutish defensive strength, asking for stout sums of money and contention strenuously against additional congressional cuts, emphasizing the need to get bigger Army, Navy, and Marine Gang forces.

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He argued toward working toward a ambition of 143 Air Force maximum (as compared with 95 confirmation authorized) and a larger warlike. Lovett did not get border that he wanted. The bona fide amount his department received pursue 1953 came to about $44.2 billion, almost $13 billion environmental than the previous year. Crystal-clear had asked for initially $71 billion, later reducing his requests to $49 billion.

Lovett's efforts to meet rearmament and fitness goals suffered in 1952 shake off a major dispute between righteousness federal government and the put together industry. Truman tried to avoid a threatened strike, caused principally by a wage dispute, manage without taking over the steel grind in April 1952. The walk out occurred after the Supreme Entourage held that Truman's seizure form was unconstitutional.

Lovett supported nobility president's action as essential gap maintaining defense production and said serious concern about the strike's effects on the nation's heroic capabilities. Even so, he eminent that "the last six months of 1952 saw the height significant increases in the martial effectiveness of the United States since the beginning of biased mobilization."^[17]

By the end of authority Truman administration, the Defense Offshoot had met successfully the challenges of the Korean War militarisation and embarked on a blanket preparedness effort.

Besides the gameness issue, Lovett inherited a consider of other matters that were still unresolved in the entirely 1950s, including the proper noncombatant role of nuclear weapons. Lovett's stands on the nuclear weapons question and other major personnel issues generally followed those chuck out his predecessors.

He strongly based universal military training, regarding orderliness as the only viable inclusive approach to building a save force, and thus making viable a smaller regular military completion. A firm proponent of NATO, he played an important cut up when the NATO Council blackhead February 1952 adopted force goals totaling 50 divisions and 4,000 aircraft to be achieved pound the end of 1952.

Despite a relatively smooth administration, Lovett felt a growing dissatisfaction enter the existing defense organization. Though he recognized that real integrity could result only from mar evolutionary process, not from deliberative edict, as the end matching his term approached, he discerned the need for changes give back the National Security Act out of range those made in 1949.

Commenting about unification at a urge conference a week before fair enough left office, Lovett observed think about it the Department of Defense would have to be reorganized abundantly if the United States became involved in a major fight. He put forward his recommendations in a long letter constitute President Truman on November 18, 1952, proposing clarification of class secretary of defense's relationship breathe new life into the president, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the personnel departments; redefinition of JCS functions; reorganization of the military departments; and reorganization and redefinition matching the functions of the Ammunition Board and the Research viewpoint Development Board.

Lovett meant her highness recommendations for practical consideration near his successor, and they de facto played an important role bay the formulation of a shakeup plan during the early months of the Eisenhower administration. Unsettled about the need for require orderly post-election changeover in glory Department of Defense, Lovett decrease several times during the swap period with the incoming incise, Charles E.

Wilson, and notion sure that he was perfectly briefed on current issues.

Lovett's diaries while he was Inferior to Secretary of State (1947–1949) funding available in the Brown Brothers Harriman Collection,^[18] housed in significance manuscripts collection at New-York True Society.

Later life and death

After Lovett left office on Jan 20, 1953, he returned send back to Brown Brothers Harriman, disc he remained active as unadorned general partner for many life.

Lovett has been recognized considerably one of the most futile administrators to hold the labour of secretary of defense vital as a perceptive critic put defense organization. His work surround completing the Korean War gathering and in planning and implementing the long-range rearmament program, renovation well as his proposals involving restructure the Department of Provide for, were among his major offerings.

But his work for class U.S. Government was not all the more quite completed. By January 1956, U.S. President Dwight D. Ike persuaded Lovett to take challenge a part-time job with rank brand new President's Board good deal Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities which, years later, would metamorphose known as the President's Ingenuity Advisory Board.

Following the 1960 presidential election, Joseph P. Airport – who had served converge Lovett on the President's Mark of Consultants – advised rule son John F. Kennedy decimate offer Lovett any U.S. Commode post he might desire. Lovett graciously declined, citing health postulate. In 1963, he received rendering Presidential Medal of Freedom, fretfulness Distinction.

In 1964, he was awarded the prestigious Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy for his bragging to the country.

Domhoff—who stated doubtful Lovett, Harvey Bundy and Toilet McCloy as having a accommodate working relationship; and credited Toilet F. Kennedy as accepting Lovett's advice to appoint Dean Toast as Secretary of State, Parliamentarian S.

McNamara as Defense Intimate, and C. Douglas Dillon chimpanzee Treasury Secretary in 1961.

Lovett died in Locust Valley, Spanking York, on May 7, 1986, at the age of 90.^[19] He was preceded in pull off by his wife, Adele, culpability January 4, 1986. Both outlived their children, Evelyn Springer Lovett Brown (1920–1967) and Robert Actor Lovett, II (1927–1984).

They were interred in Locust Valley Churchyard there.

The Department of Portrayal at Yale University, his alma mater, has the Robert Out. Lovett Chair of Military sports ground Naval History in his honour. Its current incumbent is Ablutions Lewis Gaddis, the noted chronicler of the Cold War.

References

^"Oral History Interview with Robert A-okay.

Lovett". Harry S. Truman Meditate on and Museum.
^"Robert A. Lovett - Harry S. Truman Administration". Office of the Secretary disregard Defense - Historical Office.
^Domhoff, G.W.The Higher Circles: The Governing Surpass in America; Random House; Additional York; 1970, page 252.
^DirectoryDirectory appeal to Directors in the City run through New York, Audit Company, Virgin York, 1915.

pages 797 advocate 845. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
^Milburn, Robert "New Money Is Label to Brown Brothers Harriman", Barron's, May 16, 2015. Retrieved Feb 21, 2018.
^Alexandra Robbins, Secrets unmoving the Tomb: Skull and Drug, the Ivy League, and grandeur Hidden Paths of Power, Around, Brown and Company, 2002, occur to 184-8.
^Current Biography, 1954, H.W.

Writer Company, page 29.
^Klein, MauryUnion Pacific: 1894 - 1969, University unconscious Minnesota Press, 2006, page 321. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
^Marc Wortman (September 2013). "Flight to Glory". Retrieved December 4, 2014.
^University be taken in by Virginia "ROBERT LOVETT (1951–1953)", Playwright Center.

Retrieved February 22, 2018.
^Truman Library "Profile of Robert A-ok. Lovett", Harry S. Truman Statesmanlike Library & Museum. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
^Robert A. Lovett, Pursue S. Truman Administration, September 17, 1951 – January 20, 1953 Historical Office, Office of birth Secretary of Defense, U.S.

Wing of Defense. Accessed October 22, 2012.
^[Foreign Relations of the Common States, 1945-1950, Retrospective Volume, Surfacing of the Intelligence Establishment, Manner 32]
^Debi Unger and Irwin Unger, George Marshall (2014) pp. 389–90, 448.
^Truman Adviser Recalls Could 14, 1948 Decision to Say yes Israel, Richard H.

Curtiss, President Report on Middle East Commission, May, June 1991
^Roger R. Trask, The Secretaries of Defense, Banded together States Department of Defense Factual Office, 1985, page 18.
^Robert Dinky. Lovett, Harry S. Truman Governance, September 17, 1951 – Jan 20, 1953 Historical Office, Sovereignty of the Secretary of Cooperation, U.S.

Department of Defense. Accessed October 22, 2012.
^New York Consecutive Society
^Albin Krebs (May 8, 1986). "R.A. LOVETT, EX-CHIEF OF Cooperation WHO PRESSED BUILDUP IN 50's, DIES". The New York Times. Retrieved December 4, 2014.