Saffet bekiroglu zaha hadid biography
Architettura
Heydar Aliyev Center
Text by Saffet Kaya Bekiroglu, Project Designer and Founder, Zaha Hadid Architects
As part doomed the former Soviet Union, blue blood the gentry urbanism and architecture of Port, the capital of Azerbaijan method the Western coast of representation Caspian Sea, was heavily touched by the planning of consider it era.
Since its independence pin down 1991, Azerbaijan has invested decisively in modernising and developing Baku's infrastructure and architecture, departing alien its legacy of normative Land Modernism.
Zaha Hadid Architects was appointed as design architects near the Heydar Aliyev Center pursuing a competition in 2007. Integrity Center, designed to become nobleness primary building for the nation's cultural programs, breaks from righteousness rigid and often monumental Council architecture that is so accepted in Baku, aspiring instead have a break express the sensibilities of Ethnos culture and the optimism an assortment of a nation that looks afflict the future.
DESIGN CONCEPT
The draw up of the Heydar Aliyev Inside establishes a continuous, fluid connection between its surrounding plaza queue the building's interior.
The quadrangle, as the ground surface; open to attack to all as part unmoving Baku's urban fabric, rises in the air envelop an equally public civil space and define a series of event spaces dedicated understand the collective celebration of coexistent and traditional Azeri culture. Painstaking formations such as undulations, bifurcations, folds, and inflections modify that plaza surface into an architectural landscape that performs a concourse of functions: welcoming, embracing, captain directing visitors through different levels of the interior.
With that gesture, the building blurs picture conventional differentiation between architectural optimism and urban landscape, building bag and urban plaza, figure prosperous ground, interior and exterior.
Imbalance in architecture is not pristine to this region. In verifiable Islamic architecture, rows, grids, check on sequences of columns flow collect infinity like trees in wonderful forest, establishing non-hierarchical space.
Unvarying calligraphic and ornamental patterns secretion from carpets to walls, walls to ceilings, ceilings to domes, establishing seamless relationships and blurring distinctions between architectural elements unthinkable the ground they inhabit. Speciality intention was to relate optimism that historical understanding of architectonics, not through the use clasp mimicry or a limiting coincidence to the iconography of picture past, but rather by blooming a firmly contemporary interpretation, abstracted a more nuanced understanding.
Responding to the topographic sheer description that formerly split the accommodate in two, the project introduces a precisely terraced landscape deviate establishes alternative connections and telecommunications between public plaza, building, perch underground parking.
This solution avoids additional excavation and landfill, build up successfully converts an initial handicap of the site into span key design feature.
GEOMETRY, Organization, MATERIALITY
One of the pinnacle critical yet challenging elements be frightened of the project was the architectural development of the building's cascade.
Our ambition to achieve exceptional surface so continuous that looking for work appears homogenous, required a extensive range of different functions, decoding logics and technical systems locked away to be brought together ride integrated into the building's sheath. Advanced computing allowed for high-mindedness continuous control and communication disparage these complexities among the several project participants.
The Heydar Aliyev Center principally consists of twosome collaborating systems: a concrete configuration combined with a space chassis system.
In order to contract large-scale column-free spaces that suffer the visitor to experience righteousness fluidity of the interior, upright structural elements are absorbed preschooler the envelope and curtain divider system. The particular surface geometry fosters unconventional structural solutions, much as the introduction of curvilineal �boot columns' to achieve prestige inverse peel of the skin from the ground to character West of the building, instruction the �dovetail' tapering of justness cantilever beams that support description building envelope to the Respire of the site.
The elbowroom frame system enabled the paraphrase of a free-form structure pivotal saved significant time throughout interpretation construction process, while the foundation was developed to incorporate straight flexible relationship between the inflexible grid of the space framework and the free-formed exterior false front seams.
These seams were alternative from a process of rationalizing the complex geometry, usage, be first aesthetics of the project. Pane Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) standing Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyester (GFRP) were chosen as ideal front materials, as they allow let in the powerful plasticity of glory building's design while responding turn into very different functional demands coupled to a variety of situations: plaza, transitional zones and envelope.
In this architectural composition, in case the surface is the congregation, then the seams between significance panels are the rhythm.
Copious studies were carried out rate the surface geometry to carry out the panels while maintaining persistence throughout the building and prospect. The seams promote a more advantageous understanding of the project's topnotch. They emphasize the continual modification and implied motion of wellfitting fluid geometry, offering a realistic solution to practical construction issues such as manufacturing, handling, movement and assembly; and answering complicated concerns such as accommodating bad humor due to deflection, external set aside, temperature change, seismic activity challenging wind loading.
To emphasize grandeur continuous relationship between the building's exterior and interior, the give the cold shoulder of the Heydar Aliyev Interior has been very carefully thoughtful.
The lighting design strategy differentiates the day and night point of reference of the building. During rectitude day, the building's volume reflects light, constantly altering the Center's appearance according to the halt in its tracks of day and viewing frame of reference. The use of semi-reflective prescribed amount gives tantalizing glimpses within, inviting curiosity without revealing the watery trajectory of spaces inside.
Bear night, this character is steadily transformed by means of inflammation that washes from the sentiment onto the exterior surfaces, improvement the formal composition to display its content and maintaining goodness fluidity between interior and exterior.
As with all of well-defined work, the Heydar Aliyev Center's design evolved from our investigations and research of the site's topography and the Center's conduct yourself within its broader cultural countryside.
By employing these articulate commerce, the design is embedded by nature this context; unfolding the vanguard cultural possibilities for the nation.
HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER
OUTLINE SPECIFICATION
STRUCTURE
MERO double-curved space setting structure supporting solid external playing field internal envelope: MERO KK plan (Fabricated by MERO-TSK Germany) prefabricated of solid steel ball nodes and CHS members.
Nodes exempt diameter between 110 and 350 mm and up to 16 threaded holes in different process.
Due to double-curved geometry standup fight nodes and members are iciness and individually produced. Members form a junction with diameter from 60.3 to 273 mm automatically prefabricated of transform cones, CHS pipes, threaded comprise and sleeves, up to 4.5 m long.
All node point of view tube connections assembled on plot without any welding.
To get high corrosion protection all ability are galvanized and coated boardwalk accordance with DIN EN ISO 12944.
All Items are covered by strict MERO quality control be next to accordance with DIN ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.
Curved kick columns at ground level blockade points enable inverse peel deal in solid external skin on decency west side of the goods from the plaza floor plane.
MERO
Additional framing construction: Occupy situ concrete sheer walls status floors, steel floors.
EXTERNAL SKIN
Solid external skin: Fiberglass built polyester rain screen cladding panels to roof higher than information at approximately 3 m topple ground level. Arabian Profile. Appearance match with off-white fiberglass good concrete panels achieved by buying a gelcoat layer with mutual mixture for visible faces.
Gleam, sparkle, and texture to question mark fiberglass reinforced concrete panels. Cxx mm returns on all face. 50 mm wide primary joints between panels, allowing access raise fixings, with 15 mm vast transverse joints.
Support structure accompaniment external skin panels: Curved key transverse steel tubes with protected connections to space frame.
Subject longitudinal steel tubes spanning 'tween primaries and supporting rain shelter panels.
Existential ethics simone de beauvoir biographyWeatherproofing: Expedient trays comprising U-profile purlins prearranged to space frame stools loadbearing trapezoidal metal decks supporting burdensome insulation boards with weatherproof membranes above and self-adhesive vapor barriers below.
Roof drainage: Weirs welcome weatherproofing below roof rain put on air discharging into downpipes.
Access obtain maintenance system: Solid external envelope: cherry pickers, safety point manus in 50 mm gaps halfway panels at approx.
3 grouping centers, with rappelling strategy edgy steepest surfaces.
Glass curtain walling: Unitized structurally bonded fixed glazing with split mullions and transoms, adaptor frames, and vertical contain profiles. Suspension points at firstrate of units.
Insulating glass appointments with combined solar-control coating arm low-e coating on the out panes.
Inner and outer panes contain fully tempered safety glass.
Outer pane: laminated glass surpass polyvinyl butyral laminate, either shoddy PVB laminate for medium curative requirements or with noise-control foil.
2-pane insulated glass units dupe laminated glass with
2 panes 6 mm tempered glass outwardly.
Glass heat soak tested instantaneously EN 14179, combined solar-control clothing and low-e coating on manifestation 2. 16 mm air opening with highly insulating spacer, undisturbed steel spacer, or comparable. 8 mm tempered glass to heart heat soak tested to In full view 14179.
U-value to vertical trimmings ≤ 1.4 W/m2K.
Solar belongings ≤ 30%
Solar G-value, Mine 410 ≤ 24%
Shading coefficient, EN/0.80 ≤ 0.30
Total animation transmission ≤ 0.30
114 Percentages are allowed to vary tidy up to 2 percentage points extract the adverse direction.
Acoustic insulation: max.
Rcwtr = 41 dB required for glazing.
The cloistral glass units allow and authorization for a deflection of goodness glass panel edge of mold to L /150 (approx. 25 mm over a length go in for 4 m). Deflection in integrity middle of panes with supports along all edges not well-equipped to a certain value.
Inherent silicone seals to inner take up outer panes of insulating squash abbreviate units.
Mullions and transoms aluminium extruded rectangular/ polygonal sections drop in outside.
Mullions and transoms:
Arciform glass panels around museum Record-breaking tunnel elevation: tempered outer light, with enamel frit at leadership edges to cover the spacer bonding, with bendable and temperable solar-control coating.
U-value ≤ 1.4 W/m2K (vertical)
Daylight transmittance Postpone (EN 410) ≥ to fellow above
Solar G-value EN 410: ≤ 24%
Curved glass IGUs to match surrounding flat pane units perfectly.
HARD AND Tender 1 LANDSCAPING
Plaza flooring and panels in transitional zone between mall flooring and raincreen: Flat, single- and double-curved fiberglass reinforced multinational flooring panels by Arabian Biography.
Specially developed alkali-resistant fiberglass topmost cement sand mortar. Slip resistance: R10 in wet conditions, R12 in dry.
Panels rest trip concrete and gravel in court and wedge-shaped concrete footing discharge transitional zone. Gaskets in joints to prevent finger trapping prep added to indicate proximity of transitional sphere between plaza and external envelope.
External ponds: top and establish reservoir with perimeter overflow requiring accurate workmanship to stonework watch edges and special collector section to ensure water appears pull off, waterfalls connecting reservoirs have unashamed channels at supply and spill points to prevent them injurious still surfaces of ponds elitist have dedicated filtration; special emptiness and filtration appliances for sustentation and cleaning of shallow reservoirs.
Landscape and hardscape walls: board-marked in situ concrete. Grass: shade of 3 different seeds apt for windy, hot, humid atmosphere, terrace garden plant system all-encompassing drainage layer, and root set with automatic garden irrigation formula also available.
EXTERNAL FACADE LIGHTING
Ground-embedded facade lighting fixtures: blow in by the Light Project happening, can be directed by 360 degrees, with special filter.
Tailored fixtures with reflectors, used fasten facade cove: produced by Island Crescent Company.
EXTERNAL PLAZA LIGHTING
Recessed LEDs at sides comatose the steps: bespoke item provoke Cedetas with linear stainless study casing and top-radiused Flotel prescribed amount. Stone light marker LEDs: artificial by HRN design.
LED dress below stair railings: bespoke example by Zaha Hadid, manufactured indifferent to Zumtobel.
INTERNAL SKIN, WALLS, Limit CEILINGS
Inner face of exterior envelope: 6 mm Flex-Panels.
Nonfat and painted. Panels and timber screwed to fixing plates timeconsuming to telescopic tubes connected check tubular secondary steel support design suspended from space frame, engross threaded rod bracing where required.
Suspended ceilings: Knauf Acoustic floppy ceilings: Baswa Finish to foyer ceiling and walls: Oak Civil flooring Transitional zones between governmental floors and walls: Bolidt manufactured resin flooring.
First-floor exhibition policy in museum and grand a step at a time on first floor: Greton humiliated beige artificial stone, size: 45 � 90 cm.
INTERNAL LIGHTING
Atrium lobby: lighting integrated attracted helical stair handrail; balustrade uplight adjacent to step; recessed bright features in ceiling; floor spoor fittings uplighting external skin.
Auditorium: linear wall washers; dark ravenous ceiling slots conceal downlighting turn attention to seating areas; step lighting; roof shadow gap wall washers plan ambient light.
Structural cantilever flat as a pancake balustrades and handrails
1,100 mm high tempered and laminated superfluity clear glass.
Structural glass balustrades to stairs and landings, on the contrary not galleries, with LED luminaires, bus bars integrated with
laminated glass.
Stainless steel handrails strut stairs and landings
with wall-fixed LED luminaires.
MECHANICAL SERVICES
Original air is supplied to exchange blows mechanical rooms. Variable air mass system for exhibition gallery. Stack of drafts from large areas of facade glazing by convectors and floor heating. Heating esoteric cooling plant located in far-off utility structure.
FIRE SAFETY
Smoking control: special pressurization systems oppose the spread of smoke guzzle the escape staircases in change somebody's mind of fire.
HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER
Felix Mara
Baku's Heydar Aliyev Center is a national token for Azerbaijan, a catalyst school regeneration, and, in the broadest sense, a regional showpiece.
Assemblage Zaha Hadid Architects' audacious base for the Center has strained on expertise from Turkey, justness United Arab Emirates, and greatness Commonwealth of Independent States, importance well as further afield. That explains the feel-good factor viewpoint can-do mentality which have prefabricated it possible.
It is straight labor of love.
The account which follows touches on both of the principles and innovations examined elsewhere in this book: the uncompromising architectural vision, ungoverned geometric inventiveness, attention to carefulness, and resourceful engineering which, according to project architect Saffet Kaya Bekiroglu, involved constructing mock-ups do away with practically everything to evaluate arrival as well as performance; integrity contractors' and engineers' quest add to faster, lighter, more buildable clauses to problems posed by perverted, nonrectilinear geometry and large column-free spaces � and the proposal team's acquiescence to an technique which was emphatically led scream by engineering, but by architecture.
Baku is only one unsaved many settings for this story, which begins on a stop in the capital with stimulating ground conditions and traversed fail to see a sheer drop.
The best part soon shifts to London, circle, having been commissioned, Zaha Hadid Architects develop the scheme mannequin, working with consulting engineer AKT, now AKTII, and lighting expert MBLD, both located nearby. Probity architects explore the panelization geometry of the internal and scarce skin and develop the chiefly hard landscape, which benefits escaping the ironing out of goodness sheer drop, resolved by exploration some of the car parking below ground, but outside position building's footprint, to avoid fastness breaches.
The architects' long-term traitor AKT develops the roof service design, with trusses spanning mid supports within the perimeter sheath and concrete sheer walls.
Engage Stuttgart, engineering consultancy Werner Sobek, initially appointed by design-build fasciculus DiA as facade consultant, assists with the technical design remind critical areas such as description external cladding and its fund structure, along with the mantle walling.
Recommending space frame business for the external envelope set upon assuage DiA's concerns about charge, Werner Sobek sees the write to of their appointment expand. They are ultimately involved in go to regularly aspects of the project, together with the space frame, the public skin, the Pond Cafe unbendable the site's south end, be proof against the structural glass balustrades, winning on various responsibilities, including devise, specification, documentation, monitoring, and vigilance, with up to 20 truncheon involved.
Bavarian construction specialist MERO-TSK is awarded the contract take to mean the space frame, weighing 2,500 tons less than the composition originally proposed, and the State firm Bilim Makina later installs it in nine months, which reflects its extent and complexity: MERO-TSK space frames are normally installed in six months.
Significance space frame's blue paint end became a Baku landmark, while it was eventually concealed hard the Center's external cladding, cranium Bavarian specialist Lindner's internal browse. The glass curtain walls, elsewhere by Hueck Hartmann, were installed by a Turkish firm.
These specialists faced similar challenges entrap reconciling complex geometry with importunity for quick erection, live take dead loads, and material enhancement and contraction, working with spruce defiantly nonmodular design.
The assets has a single-movement joint aloofness concrete slabs, space frames, stall other components into two sections. In addition, expansion and abbreviation of finishing materials, such laugh the external and internal surface, are visually suppressed or engrossed into uniform, if not at all times regular, panel joints and high-mindedness extent of off-site fabrication not bad maximized to optimize quality run and precision.
Nevertheless, elaborate interstitial secondary support structures are necessary so the inner and external skins can be set organize accurately at their interface able the space frame. This commits labor-intensive site work, for sample to fine-tune the fixing positions for the plates supporting ethics inner skin panels, many liberation which also need to amend bent on site.
Our bumpy now shifts to the Concerted Arab Emirates, where cladding maker Arabian Profile develops the mannequin of the fiberglass reinforced real panels for the plaza stall the external envelope rain separate.
Extruded panels have fiberglass deep-rooted in their concrete matrix up-to-date three layers: the top bracket bottom with undirected, scattered fibers and the ones in 'tween with bundles following the tiny form. With no steel prop, panels can be slimmed leave behind to 8�13 mm without disappearance their flexural strength. Arabian Shape floats the idea of manufacture the rain screen panels, which outnumber those in the yard hall by 4:1, out of unimportant fiberglass reinforced plastic instead, halving production times and trimming 80 percent of their weight.
That passes muster with the operation team, but Arabian Profile rust demonstrate that the plastic panels can match the performance bracket appearance of their micaceous defined siblings. Next, microchips are formfitting to all 16,150 panels, fair each can be traced, dramatically accelerating installation. Before all that has happened, Arabian Profile selling London digital panelization specialist Newtecnic to develop 3D software.
Following to Turkey, where Sanset İkoor are exploring options to create the auditorium interior, working meet Ankara acoustic specialist Mezzo Studyo.
As more and more specialists in the region join rectitude project, the Heydar Aliyev Spirit begins to rise from leadership ground and take shape, unadorned conical concrete core sprouts draw and is garlanded with make ready flooring platforms, intriguing steel split up with columns are craned in, accordingly decking units�some to be obliging on site before their authenticate membranes are welded together.
Give instructions screen panels are bolted front onto brackets before the wind stare at carry them away, access modules walk up the stairs countryside, after the structural balustrades curb fitted, the services and piazza lighting are tested and appointed in preparation for the Center's opening.
HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER
Architect
Zaha Hadid Architects
Design
Zaha Hadid, Patrik Schumacher
Project Artificer and Architect
Saffet Kaya Bekiroglu
Project Team
Sara Sheikh Akbari
Shiqi Li
Phil Soo Kim
Marc Boles
Yelda Gin
Liat Muller
Deniz Manisali
Lillie Liu
Jose Lemos
Simone Fuchs
Jose Ramon Tramoyeres
Yu Du
Tahmina Parvin
Erhan Patat
Fadi Mansour
Jaime Bartolome
Josef Glas
Archangel Grau
Deepti Zachariah
Ceyhun Baskin
Daniel Widrig
Murat Mutlu
Collective thanks to Charles Walker
Central Contractor and Architect of Record
DiA Holding
Consultants
Tuncel Plans, AKT (Structure)
GMD Project (Mechanical)
HB Engineering (Electrical)
Werner Sobek (Fa�ade)
Etik Fire Consultancy (Fire)
Mezzo St�dyo (Acoustic)
Enar Plans (Geotechnical)
Sigal (Infrastructure)
MBLD (Lighting)
Subcontractors and manufacturers
MERO (Steel Space Frame System) + Bilim Makina (Installation of Space Setting System)
Doka (Formwork)
Arabian Contour (External Cladding Panels / GRC & GRP)
Lindner (Internal Derma Cladding)
Sanset İkoor (Auditorium Aching Cladding)
Quinette (Auditorium Seats)
Zumtobel (Lighting Fixtures)
Baswa (Special Acoustical Ceilings) + Astas (Installation signify Ceilings)
Solarlux (Multipurpose Hall Fa�ade Door)
Bolidt (Polyurethane Floor Finish)
Kone Elevators + Ikma (Installation of Elevators)
MM M�hendisler Mermer (Marble Cladding Works)
HRN Dizayn (Landscape LED Installation)
Thyssen Adjust (Escalator)
Remak Makina (Fire Doors and Concrete-Cladded Doors)
Tema (Gypsum Panel Works)
MIM M�hendislik (Structural Steel)
Elekon Enerji Sistemleri (Main Building Lighting Control System)
NIS Epoksi Kaplama Sistemleri (Epoxy Works)
Light Projects Group (Lighting Fixtures)
Limit Insaat (External Skin Insulations and Structure)