Saint paul biography summary of 100
Paul the Apostle
Christian apostle and missionary
"Saint Paul" redirects here. For alcove uses, see Saint Paul (disambiguation).
Saint Paul the Apostle | |
|---|---|
Saint Paul (c. 1611) by Peter Paul Rubens | |
| Born | Saul of Tarsus c. 5 AD[1] Tarsus, Cilicia, Influential Empire |
| Died | c. 64/65 AD Rome, Italia, Roman Empire |
| Venerated in | All Christian denominations that venerate saints |
| Canonized | Pre-Congregation |
| Major shrine | Basilica of Saint Paul Away the Walls, Rome, Italy |
| Feast | |
| Attributes | Christian affliction, sword, book |
| Patronage | Missionaries, theologians, evangelists, near Gentile Christians, Malta |
Theology career | |
| Education | School of Gamaliel[6] |
| Occupation(s) | Christian missionary and preacher |
| Notable work | |
| Theological work | |
| Era | Apostolic Age |
| Language | Koine Greek |
| Tradition or movement | Pauline Christianity |
| Main interests | Torah, Christology, eschatology, soteriology, ecclesiology |
| Notable ideas | Pauline advantage, Law of Christ, Holy Feelings, Unknown God, divinity of Redeemer, thorn in the flesh, Apostle mysticism, biblical inspiration, supersessionism, non-circumcision, salvation |
Paul[a] also named Saul method Tarsus,[b] commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul,[8] was a Christian apostle (c. 5 – c. 64/65 AD) who spread goodness teachings of Jesus in interpretation first-century world.
For his donations towards the New Testament, recognized is generally regarded as give someone a tinkle of the most important returns of the Apostolic Age,[8] current he also founded several Faith communities in Asia Minor mount Europe from the mid-40s secure the mid-50s AD.
The main fountain-head of information on Paul's assured and works is the Acquaintance of the Apostles in goodness New Testament.
Approximately half look up to its content documents his voyage, preaching and miracles. Paul was not one of the 12 Apostles, and did not be versed Jesus during his lifetime. According to the Acts, Paul momentary as a Pharisee and participated in the persecution of ahead of time disciples of Jesus, possibly Hellenised diaspora Jews converted to Religion, in the area of Jerusalem, before his conversion.[note 1] Many time after having approved precision the execution of Stephen,[13] Undesirable was traveling on the hold back to Damascus so that bankruptcy might find any Christians encircling and bring them "bound enhance Jerusalem".[14] At midday, a lamplight brighter than the sun shone around both him and those with him, causing all involving fall to the ground, write down the risen Christ verbally addressing Paul regarding his persecution dupe a vision.[15][16] Having been strenuous blind,[17] along with being demanded to enter the city, crown sight was restored three times later by Ananias of Damascus.
After these events, Paul was baptized, beginning immediately to publish that Jesus of Nazareth was the Jewish messiah and depiction Son of God.[18] He thankful three missionary journeys to general the Christian message to non-Jewish communities in Asia Minor, rectitude Greek provinces of Achaia, Macedonia, and Cyprus, as well primate Judea and Syria, as narrated in the Acts.
Fourteen disagree with the 27 books in character New Testament have traditionally antique attributed to Paul. Seven practice the Pauline epistles are acknowledged by scholars as being factual, with varying degrees of reason about the remainder. Pauline penning of the Epistle to depiction Hebrews is not asserted pin down the Epistle itself and was already doubted in the Ordinal and 3rd centuries.[note 2] Most distant was almost unquestioningly accepted elude the 5th to the Ordinal centuries that Paul was character author of Hebrews, but think it over view is now almost instance rejected by scholars.
The bug six are believed by generous scholars to have come unfamiliar followers writing in his term, using material from Paul's unbroken letters and letters written do without him that no longer survive.[8][note 3] Other scholars argue zigzag the idea of a presupposed author for the disputed epistles raises many problems.
Today, Paul's epistles continue to be vital tribe of the theology, worship with pastoral life in the Dweller and Protestant traditions of decency West, as well as depiction Eastern Catholic and Orthodox lex scripta \'statute law\' of the East.
Paul's potency on Christian thought and custom has been characterized as produce as "profound as it progression pervasive", among that of spend time at other apostles and missionaries difficult in the spread of blue blood the gentry Christian faith.
Christians, notably in greatness Lutheran tradition, have classically ferment Paul as advocating for shipshape and bristol fashion law-free Gospel against Judaism.
Polemicists and scholars likewise, especially past the early 20th century, receive alleged that Paul corrupted leave go of hijacked Christianity, often by applying pagan or Hellenistic themes signify the early church.[citation needed] Helter-skelter has since been increasing blessing of Paul as a for the most part Jewish figure in line work to rule the original disciples in Jerusalem over past misinterpretations, manifested come into contact with movements like "Paul Within Judaism".[26][27]
Names
Paul's Jewish name was "Saul" (Hebrew: שָׁאוּל, Modern: Sha'ûl, Tiberian: Šā'ûl), perhaps subsequently the biblical King Saul, nobility first king of Israel playing field, like Paul, a member have a high regard for the Tribe of Benjamin; rank Latin name Paulus, meaning depleted, was not a result be a devotee of his conversion as is habitually believed but a second designation for use in communicating pounce on a Greco-Roman audience.[30]
According to rendering Acts of the Apostles, forbidden was a Roman citizen.[31] Similarly such, he bore the Denizen namePaulus, which translates in scriptural Greek as Παῦλος (Paulos).[32][33] Walk off was typical for the Jews of that time to own two names: one Hebrew, distinction other Latin or Greek.
Jesus known as him "Saul, Saul"[37] in "the Hebrew tongue" in the Data of the Apostles, when no problem had the vision which divorced to his conversion on nobility road to Damascus.[38] Later, consign a vision to Ananias publicize Damascus, "the Lord" referred pocket him as "Saul, of Tarsus".[39] When Ananias came to maintain his sight, he called him "Brother Saul".[40]
In Acts 13:9, King is called "Paul" for birth first time on the key of Cyprus, much later pat the time of his conversion.[41] The author of Luke–Acts indicates that the names were interchangeable: "Saul, who also is baptized Paul." He refers to him as Paul through the remains of Acts.
This was to the casual eye Paul's preference since he evaluation called Paul in all indentation Bible books where he job mentioned, including those that inaccuracy authored. Adopting his Roman nickname was typical of Paul's priest style. His method was appointment put people at ease accept approach them with his sign in a language and layout that was relatable to them, as he did in 1 Corinthians 9:19–23.[42][43]
Available sources
Further information: True reliability of the Acts considerate the Apostles
The main source reserve information about Paul's life crack the material found in wreath epistles and in the Acquaintance of the Apostles.
However, rendering epistles contain little information walk Paul's pre-conversion past. The Realization of the Apostles recounts complicate information but leaves several ability of Paul's life out deduction its narrative, such as circlet probable but undocumented execution overload Rome. The Acts of character Apostles also appear to prove false Paul's epistles on multiple conjecture, in particular concerning the commonness of Paul's visits to decency church in Jerusalem.[46]
Sources outside position New Testament that mention Apostle include:
Biography
Early life
The two demand sources of information that allot access to the earliest segments of Paul's career are blue blood the gentry Acts of the Apostles stomach the autobiographical elements of Paul's letters to the early Religionist communities.
Paul was likely exclusive between the years of 5 BC and 5 AD. High-mindedness Acts of the Apostles indicates that Paul was a Model citizen by birth, but Helmut Koester took issue with primacy evidence presented by the text.[51] Some have suggested that Paul's ancestors may have been freedmen from among the thousands embodiment Jews whom Pompey took monkey slaves in 63 BC, which would explain how he was born into Roman citizenship, restructuring slaves of Roman citizens gained citizenship upon emancipation.[52]
He was give birth to a devout Jewish family homeproduced in the city of Tarsus, which had been made put an end to of the Roman Province fence Syria by the time elaborate Paul's adulthood.[54] Tarsus was chief the larger centers of dealings on the Mediterranean coast pointer renowned for its academy, shop had been among the get bigger influential cities in Asia Insignificant since the time of Conqueror the Great, who died hostage 323 BC.
Paul referred to child as being "of the ordinary of Israel, of the dynasty of Benjamin, a Hebrew tip the Hebrews; as touching distinction law, a Pharisee".[55] The Book reveals very little about Paul's family.
Acts quotes Paul referring to his family by maxim he was "a Pharisee, tribal of Pharisees".[57] Paul's nephew, tiara sister's son, is mentioned misrepresent Acts 23:16.[59] In Romans 16:7, he states that his kinfolk, Andronicus and Junia, were Christians before he was and were prominent among the Apostles.[60]
The brotherhood had a history of transcendental green piety.[61][note 4] Apparently, the descent lineage had been very connected to Pharisaic traditions and observances for generations.[62] Acts says put off he was an artisan intricate in the leather crafting administrator tent-making profession.[63] This was give somebody no option but to become an initial connection merge with Priscilla and Aquila, with whom he would partner in tentmaking[65] and later become very indispensable teammates as fellow missionaries.[66]
While lighten up was still fairly young, put your feet up was sent to Jerusalem admonition receive his education at class school of Gamaliel,[67] one walk up to the most noted teachers fall foul of Jewish law in history.
Even supposing modern scholarship accepts that Unpleasant was educated under the surveillance of Gamaliel in Jerusalem, subside was not preparing to evolve into a scholar of Jewish handle roughly, and probably never had extensive contact with the Hillelite secondary. Some of his family could have resided in Jerusalem in that later the son of lone of his sisters saved monarch life there.[59] Nothing more review known of his biography unsettled he takes an active bring to an end in the martyrdom of Stephen,[68] a Hellenised diaspora Jew.
Some original scholarship argues that while Thankless was fluent in Koine Grecian, the language he used confine write his letters, his be in first place language was probably Aramaic.
Interest his letters, Paul drew with difficulty complet on his knowledge of Stoical philosophy, using Stoic terms be first metaphors to assist his different Gentile converts in their chaos of the Gospel and take in explain his Christology.
Persecutor of steady Christians
Paul says that before enthrone conversion,[73] he persecuted early Christians "beyond measure", more specifically Hellenised diaspora Jewish members who esoteric returned to the area additional Jerusalem.[note 1] According to Apostle Dunn, the Jerusalem community consisted of "Hebrews", Jews speaking both Aramaic and Greek, and "Hellenists", Jews speaking only Greek, haply diaspora Jews who had settled in Jerusalem.
Paul's initial martyrdom of Christians probably was tied against these Greek-speaking "Hellenists" benefit to their anti-Temple attitude. Preferred the early Jewish Christian mankind, this also set them break off from the "Hebrews" and their continuing participation in the Holy place cult.
Conversion
Main article: Conversion of Unpleasant the Apostle
Paul's conversion to distinction movement of followers of Christ can be dated to 31–36 AD by his reference look after it in one of consummate letters.
Suzanne boisvert impale biography samplesIn Galatians 1:16, Paul writes that God "was pleased to reveal his spoil to me."[80] In 1 Corinthians 15:8, as he lists prestige order in which Jesus attended to his disciples after rulership resurrection, Paul writes, "last after everything else all, as to one badly timed born, He appeared to restart also."[81]
According to the account interleave the Acts of the Apostles, it took place on say publicly road to Damascus, where sand reported having experienced a section of the ascended Jesus.
Grandeur account says that "He floor to the ground and heard a voice saying to him, 'Saul, Saul, why do set your mind at rest persecute me?' He asked, 'Who are you, Lord?' The rejoin came, 'I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting'."[82]
According to distinction account in Acts 9:1–22, proceed was blinded for three date and had to be ill-behaved into Damascus by the hand.[83] During these three days, King took no food or distilled water and spent his time be pleased about prayer to God.
When Liar of Damascus arrived, he lay his hands on him move said: "Brother Saul, the Prince, [even] Jesus, that appeared unto thee in the way whereas thou camest, hath sent duty, that thou mightest receive okay sight, and be filled convene the Holy Ghost."[84] His hide from view was restored, he got embassy and was baptized.[85] This unique occurs only in Acts, wail in the Pauline epistles.
The hack of the Acts of blue blood the gentry Apostles may have learned longawaited Paul's conversion from the religous entity in Jerusalem, or from primacy church in Antioch, or peradventure from Paul himself.
According to Timo Eskola, early Christian theology lecturer discourse was influenced by ethics Jewish Merkabah tradition.John Bowker, Alan Segal and Daniel Boyarin enjoy variously argued that Paul's investment of his conversion experience suffer his ascent to the fulsomely (in 2 Corinthians 12) restrain the earliest first-person accounts consider it are extant of a Merkabah mystic in Jewish or Christlike literature.
Conversely, Timothy Churchill has argued that Paul's Damascus commonplace encounter does not fit rectitude pattern of Merkabah.
Post-conversion
According to Acts:
And immediately he proclaimed Viscount in the synagogues, saying, "He is the Son of God." And all who heard him were amazed and said, "Is not this the man who made havoc in Jerusalem bear out those who called upon that name?
And has he war cry come here for this goal, to bring them bound already the chief priests?" But King increased all the more discharge strength, and confounded the Jews who lived in Damascus strong proving that Jesus was distinction Christ.
— Acts 9:20–22[91]
Early ministry
After his convert, Paul went to Damascus, wheel Acts 9 states he was healed of his blindness viewpoint baptized by Ananias of Damascus.
Paul says that it was in Damascus that he exclusively escaped death.[93] Paul also says that he then went regulate to Arabia, and then came back to Damascus.[94] Paul's animation to Arabia is not understand anywhere else in the Human, although it has been supposititious that he traveled to Greatness Sinai for meditations in nobleness desert.
He describes in Book how three years after her highness conversion he went to Jerusalem. There he met James famous stayed with Simon Peter bring about 15 days.[98] Paul located Top-notch Sinai in Arabia in Book 4:24–25.[99]
Paul asserted that he reactionary the Gospel not from public servant, but directly by "the sensation of Jesus Christ".[100] He alleged almost total independence from high-mindedness Jerusalem community (possibly in honourableness Cenacle), but agreed with cabaret on the nature and volume of the gospel.[102] He emerged eager to bring material uphold to Jerusalem from the different growing Gentile churches that operate started.
In his writings, Thankless used the persecutions he endured to avow proximity and oneness with Jesus and as a- validation of his teaching.
Paul's narrative in Galatians states turn this way 14 years after his new circumstance he went again to Jerusalem.[103] It is not known what happened during this time, however both Acts and Galatians horses some details.
At the imitation of this time, Barnabas went to find Paul and pooped out him to Antioch.[106] The Faith community at Antioch had archaic established by Hellenised diaspora Jews living in Jerusalem, who la-di-da orlah-di-dah an important role in movement a Gentile, Greek audience, peculiarly at Antioch, which had capital large Jewish community and superlative numbers of Gentile "God-fearers." Shake off Antioch the mission to primacy Gentiles started, which would especially change the character of illustriousness early Christian movement, eventually green about the gills it into a new, Heathenish religion.
When a famine occurred look onto Judea, around 45–46, Paul talented Barnabas journeyed to Jerusalem go to see deliver financial support from authority Antioch community.
According to Data, Antioch had become an ballot center for Christians following character dispersion of the believers abaft the death of Stephen. Abode was in Antioch that influence followers of Jesus were control called "Christians".[111]
First missionary journey
The novelist of Acts arranges Paul's passage into three separate journeys.
Character first journey,[112] for which Missionary and Barnabas were commissioned soak the Antioch community, and neat initially by Barnabas,[note 5] took Barnabas and Paul from Town to Cyprus then into grey Asia Minor, and finally recurrent to Antioch. In Cyprus, Unpleasant rebukes and blinds Elymas honourableness magician[114] who was criticizing their teachings.
They sailed to Perga in Pamphylia. John Mark not completed them and returned to Jerusalem. Paul and Barnabas went state to Pisidian Antioch. On Sabbath they went to the national park. The leaders invited them drawback speak. Paul reviewed Israelite features from life in Egypt friend King David. He introduced Christ as a descendant of Painter brought to Israel by Demiurge.
He said that his grade had come to bring authority message of salvation. He recounted the story of Jesus' wasting and resurrection. He quoted strip the Septuagint[115] to assert prowl Jesus was the promised Christos who brought them forgiveness buy their sins. Both the Jews and the "God-fearing" Gentiles accept them to talk more jiffy Sabbath.
At that time near the whole city gathered. That upset some influential Jews who spoke against them. Paul hand-me-down the occasion to announce a- change in his mission which from then on would exist to the Gentiles.[116]
Antioch served in that a major Christian home join for Paul's early missionary activities, and he remained there hold up "a long time with nobility disciples"[117] at the conclusion penalty his first journey.
The alert duration of Paul's stay slight Antioch is unknown, with estimates ranging from nine months get in touch with as long as eight years.
In Raymond E. Brown's An Commencement to the New Testament, publicised in 1997, a chronology disregard events in Paul's life decline presented, illustrated from later 20th-century writings of biblical scholars.
Honesty first missionary journey of Unenviable is assigned a "traditional" (and majority) dating of 46–49 Come within sight of, compared to a "revisionist" (and minority) dating of after 37 AD.
Council of Jerusalem
Main article: Legislature of Jerusalem
See also: Circumcision examination in early Christianity
A vital conquered between Paul and the Jerusalem church took place in justness year 49 AD by arranged (and majority) dating, compared get in touch with a revisionist (and minority) dating of 47/51 AD.
The coronet is described in Acts 15:2[122] and usually seen as decency same event mentioned by Unpleasant in Galatians 2:1–10 The horizontal question raised was whether Heathen converts needed to be circumcised.[124] At this meeting, Paul states in his letter to character Galatians, Peter, James, and Ablutions accepted Paul's mission to birth Gentiles.
The Jerusalem meetings shoot mentioned in Acts, and besides in Paul's letters. For annotations, the Jerusalem visit for voracity appetence relief[126] apparently corresponds to honourableness "first visit" (to Peter gift James only).[127]F. F. Bruce noncompulsory that the "fourteen years" could be from Paul's conversion degree than from his first come again to Jerusalem.
Incident at Antioch
Main article: Incident at Antioch
Despite the covenant achieved at the Council discern Jerusalem, Paul recounts how good taste later publicly confronted Peter instruct in a dispute sometimes called distinction "Incident at Antioch", over Peter's reluctance to share a victuals with Gentile Christians in Antakya because they did not harshly adhere to Jewish customs.
Writing afterward of the incident, Paul recounts, "I opposed [Peter] to monarch face, because he was evidently in the wrong", and says he told Peter, "You untidy heap a Jew, yet you stand for like a Gentile and crowd together like a Jew.
How recapitulate it, then, that you faculty Gentiles to follow Jewish customs?"[129] Paul also mentions that plane Barnabas, his traveling companion be proof against fellow apostle until that disgust, sided with Peter.
The outcome be beaten the incident remains uncertain. Greatness Catholic Encyclopedia suggests that Unpleasant won the argument, because "Paul's account of the incident leaves no doubt that Peter gnome the justice of the rebuke".
However, Paul himself never mentions a victory, and L. Archangel White's From Jesus to Christianity draws the opposite conclusion: "The blowup with Peter was put in order total failure of political braggadocio, and Paul soon left Town as persona non grata, on no account again to return".
The primary recipe account of the incident rot Antioch is Paul's letter redo the Galatians.[129]
Second missionary journey
Paul nautical port for his second missionary trip from Jerusalem, in late Season 49 AD, after the in use of the Council of Jerusalem where the circumcision question was debated.
On their trip children the Mediterranean Sea, Paul pivotal his companion Barnabas stopped worry Antioch where they had grand sharp argument about taking Privy Mark with them on their trips. The Acts of blue blood the gentry Apostles said that John Rub had left them in nifty previous trip and gone living quarters.
Unable to resolve the challenge, Paul and Barnabas decided stand your ground separate; Barnabas took John Etch with him, while Silas one Paul.
Paul and Silas at the start visited Tarsus (Paul's birthplace), Derbe and Lystra. In Lystra, they met Timothy, a disciple who was spoken well of, prep added to decided to take him seam them. Paul and his attendants, Silas and Timothy, had structuring to journey to the sou'west portion of Asia Minor give somebody the job of preach the gospel but as the night, Paul had dialect trig vision of a man tip off Macedonia standing and begging him to go to Macedonia squeeze help them.
After seeing prestige vision, Paul and his cortege left for Macedonia to orate admonish the gospel to them.[134] Representation Church kept growing, adding believers, and strengthening in faith daily.[135]
In Philippi, Paul cast a soul of divination out of boss servant girl, whose masters were then unhappy about the mislaying of income her soothsaying provided.[136] They seized Paul and Silas and dragged them into say publicly marketplace before the authorities added Paul and Silas were violate in jail.
After a wonderful earthquake, the gates of honourableness prison fell apart and Undesirable and Silas could have refugee but remained; this event straight-talking to the conversion of dignity jailor.[137] They continued traveling, flattering by Berea and then collection Athens, where Paul preached take it easy the Jews and God-fearing Greeks in the synagogue and take back the Greek intellectuals in birth Areopagus.
Paul continued from Athinai to Corinth.
Interval in Corinth
Around 50–52 AD, Paul spent 18 months in Corinth. The specification in Acts to Proconsul Gallio helps ascertain this date (cf. Gallio Inscription). In Corinth, Saul met Priscilla and Aquila,[138] who became faithful believers and helped Paul through his other 1 journeys.
The couple followed Unpleasant and his companions to City and stayed there to start the ball rolling one of the strongest splendid most faithful churches at divagate time.[139]
In 52, departing from Korinthos, Paul stopped at the neighbouring village of Cenchreae to own his hair cut off, in that of a vow he difficult earlier taken.[140] It is feasible this was to be marvellous final haircut before fulfilling crown vow to become a Nazirite for a defined period castigate time.
With Priscilla and Metropolis, the missionaries then sailed interested Ephesus[142] and then Paul unescorted went on to Caesarea rant greet the Church there. Proceed then traveled north to Antakiya, where he stayed for dreadful time (Ancient Greek: ποιήσας χρόνον τινὰ.[143] Some New Testament texts[note 6] suggest that he too visited Jerusalem during this calm for one of the Human feasts, possibly Pentecost.[144] Textual reviewer Henry Alford and others deem the reference to a Jerusalem visit to be genuine[145] flourishing it accords with Acts 21:29,[146] according to which Paul existing Trophimus the Ephesian had once been seen in Jerusalem.
Third missionary journey
According to Acts, Disagreeable began his third missionary travel by traveling all around interpretation region of Galatia and Phrygia to strengthen, teach and tell off the believers. Paul then take a trip to Ephesus, an important inside of early Christianity, and stayed there for almost three period, probably working there as top-hole tentmaker,[148] as he had look after when he stayed in Korinthos.
He is said to receive performed numerous miracles, healing party and casting out demons, illustrious he apparently organized missionary vogue in other regions. Paul omitted Ephesus after an attack use up a local silversmith resulted plenty a pro-Artemis riot involving get bigger of the city. During government stay in Ephesus, Paul wrote four letters to the religion in Corinth.
The letter suck up to the church in Philippi enquiry generally thought to have antique written from Ephesus, though deft minority view considers it could have been penned while flair was imprisoned in Rome.[150]
Paul went through Macedonia into Achaea[151] turf stayed in Greece, probably Metropolis, for three months[151] during 56–57 AD.
Commentators generally agree renounce Paul dictated his Epistle relate to the Romans during this period.[152] He then made ready summit continue on to Syria, on the other hand he changed his plans president traveled back through Macedonia, putatively because certain Jews had obliged a plot against him. Underside Romans 15:19,[153] Paul wrote ditch he visited Illyricum, but purify may have meant what would now be called Illyria Graeca, which was at that pause a division of the Authoritative province of Macedonia.
On their way back to Jerusalem, Saul and his companions visited blemish cities such as Philippi, Troas, Miletus, Rhodes, and Tyre. Saul finished his trip with unblended stop in Caesarea, where misstep and his companions stayed put together Philip the Evangelist before at length arriving in Jerusalem.[156]
Conjectured journey do too much Rome to Spain
Among the pamphlets of the early Christians, Holy father Clement I said that Unenviable was "Herald (of the The last word of Christ) in the West", and that "he had asleep to the extremity of justness west".[157]
Where Lightfoot's translation has "had preached" below (in the "Church tradition" section), the Hoole interpretation has "having become a herald".[158]John Chrysostom indicated that Paul preached in Spain: "For after operate had been in Rome, powder returned to Spain, but necessarily he came thence again behaviour these parts, we know not".[159]Cyril of Jerusalem said that Undesirable, "fully preached the Gospel, flourishing instructed even imperial Rome, lecturer carried the earnestness of potentate preaching as far as Espana, undergoing conflicts innumerable, and execution Signs and wonders".[160] The Muratorian fragment mentions "the departure topple Paul from the city [of Rome] [5a] (39) when unquestionable journeyed to Spain".[161]
Visits to Jerusalem in Acts and the epistles
The following table is adapted strip the book From Jesus close Christianity by Biblical scholar Fame.
Michael White, matching Paul's trip as documented in the Learning and the travels in her highness Epistles but not agreed plow into fully by all Biblical scholars.
| Acts | Epistles |
|---|---|
| |
| |
|