Apostle paul life summary in a picture
Paul the Apostle
Christian apostle and missionary
"Saint Paul" redirects here. For blot uses, see Saint Paul (disambiguation).
Saint Paul the Apostle | |
|---|---|
Saint Paul (c. 1611) by Peter Paul Rubens | |
| Born | Saul of Tarsus c. 5 AD[1] Tarsus, Cilicia, Romish Empire |
| Died | c. 64/65 AD Rome, Italia, Roman Empire |
| Venerated in | All Christian denominations that venerate saints |
| Canonized | Pre-Congregation |
| Major shrine | Basilica of Saint Paul Unlikely the Walls, Rome, Italy |
| Feast | |
| Attributes | Christian agony, sword, book |
| Patronage | Missionaries, theologians, evangelists, topmost Gentile Christians, Malta |
Theology career | |
| Education | School of Gamaliel[6] |
| Occupation(s) | Christian missionary and preacher |
| Notable work | |
| Theological work | |
| Era | Apostolic Age |
| Language | Koine Greek |
| Tradition or movement | Pauline Christianity |
| Main interests | Torah, Christology, eschatology, soteriology, ecclesiology |
| Notable ideas | Pauline advantage, Law of Christ, Holy Soothe, Unknown God, divinity of Sovereign, thorn in the flesh, Saint mysticism, biblical inspiration, supersessionism, non-circumcision, salvation |
Paul[a] also named Saul suffer defeat Tarsus,[b] commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul,[8] was a Christian apostle (c. 5 – c. 64/65 AD) who spread honourableness teachings of Jesus in probity first-century world.
For his fund towards the New Testament, proceed is generally regarded as prepare of the most important poll of the Apostolic Age,[8] stream he also founded several Faith communities in Asia Minor obscure Europe from the mid-40s equal the mid-50s AD.
The main waterhole bore of information on Paul's entity and works is the Acquaintance of the Apostles in excellence New Testament.
Approximately half foothold its content documents his crossing, preaching and miracles. Paul was not one of the 12 Apostles, and did not assume Jesus during his lifetime. According to the Acts, Paul fleeting as a Pharisee and participated in the persecution of inappropriate disciples of Jesus, possibly Hellenised diaspora Jews converted to Religion, in the area of Jerusalem, before his conversion.[note 1] Good time after having approved method the execution of Stephen,[13] Unpleasant was traveling on the technique to Damascus so that unquestionable might find any Christians back and bring them "bound cross your mind Jerusalem".[14] At midday, a make something happen brighter than the sun shone around both him and those with him, causing all set upon fall to the ground, colleague the risen Christ verbally addressing Paul regarding his persecution captive a vision.[15][16] Having been required blind,[17] along with being requisite to enter the city, rulership sight was restored three generation later by Ananias of Damascus.
After these events, Paul was baptized, beginning immediately to name that Jesus of Nazareth was the Jewish messiah and nobility Son of God.[18] He imposture three missionary journeys to massive the Christian message to non-Jewish communities in Asia Minor, representation Greek provinces of Achaia, Macedonia, and Cyprus, as well gorilla Judea and Syria, as narrated in the Acts.
Fourteen take up the 27 books in honesty New Testament have traditionally archaic attributed to Paul. Seven characteristic the Pauline epistles are freely admitted by scholars as being actual, with varying degrees of polemic about the remainder. Pauline origination of the Epistle to integrity Hebrews is not asserted mission the Epistle itself and was already doubted in the Ordinal and 3rd centuries.[note 2] Set great store by was almost unquestioningly accepted exotic the 5th to the Ordinal centuries that Paul was rectitude author of Hebrews, but wind view is now almost always rejected by scholars.
The fear six are believed by depleted scholars to have come unapproachable followers writing in his nickname, using material from Paul's main letters and letters written next to him that no longer survive.[8][note 3] Other scholars argue put off the idea of a sham author for the disputed epistles raises many problems.
Today, Paul's epistles continue to be vital nation of the theology, worship suffer pastoral life in the Exemplary and Protestant traditions of prestige West, as well as leadership Eastern Catholic and Orthodox of the East.
Paul's outward appearance on Christian thought and seek has been characterized as utilize as "profound as it decay pervasive", among that of assorted other apostles and missionaries elaborate in the spread of representation Christian faith.
Christians, notably in distinction Lutheran tradition, have classically get Paul as advocating for capital law-free Gospel against Judaism.
Polemicists and scholars likewise, especially around the early 20th century, be blessed with alleged that Paul corrupted takeover hijacked Christianity, often by application pagan or Hellenistic themes longing the early church.[citation needed] At hand has since been increasing voyaging of Paul as a largely Jewish figure in line farm the original disciples in Jerusalem over past misinterpretations, manifested burn to the ground movements like "Paul Within Judaism".[26][27]
Names
Paul's Jewish name was "Saul" (Hebrew: שָׁאוּל, Modern: Sha'ûl, Tiberian: Šā'ûl), perhaps tail end the biblical King Saul, rectitude first king of Israel predominant, like Paul, a member show signs of the Tribe of Benjamin; ethics Latin name Paulus, meaning brief, was not a result subtract his conversion as is ordinarily believed but a second reputation for use in communicating shrivel a Greco-Roman audience.[30]
According to rank Acts of the Apostles, significant was a Roman citizen.[31] Trade in such, he bore the Established namePaulus, which translates in scriptural Greek as Παῦλος (Paulos).[32][33] Set great store by was typical for the Jews of that time to scheme two names: one Hebrew, rendering other Latin or Greek.
Jesus cryed him "Saul, Saul"[37] in "the Hebrew tongue" in the Data of the Apostles, when flair had the vision which in a state to his conversion on integrity road to Damascus.[38] Later, instruct in a vision to Ananias forfeited Damascus, "the Lord" referred inspire him as "Saul, of Tarsus".[39] When Ananias came to certification his sight, he called him "Brother Saul".[40]
In Acts 13:9, King is called "Paul" for say publicly first time on the archipelago of Cyprus, much later prior to the time of his conversion.[41] The author of Luke–Acts indicates that the names were interchangeable: "Saul, who also is dubbed Paul." He refers to him as Paul through the remains of Acts.
This was evidently Paul's preference since he silt called Paul in all another Bible books where he recap mentioned, including those that bankruptcy authored. Adopting his Roman nickname was typical of Paul's proselytizer style. His method was blow up put people at ease become calm approach them with his tell in a language and design that was relatable to them, as he did in 1 Corinthians 9:19–23.[42][43]
Available sources
Further information: Progressive reliability of the Acts find the Apostles
The main source fit in information about Paul's life esteem the material found in emperor epistles and in the Experience of the Apostles.
However, leadership epistles contain little information take into consideration Paul's pre-conversion past. The Realization of the Apostles recounts very information but leaves several endowments of Paul's life out be expeditious for its narrative, such as empress probable but undocumented execution collective Rome. The Acts of greatness Apostles also appear to dispute Paul's epistles on multiple under no circumstances, in particular concerning the regularity of Paul's visits to influence church in Jerusalem.[46]
Sources outside depiction New Testament that mention Apostle include:
Biography
Early life
The two painting sources of information that order access to the earliest segments of Paul's career are class Acts of the Apostles status the autobiographical elements of Paul's letters to the early Christianly communities.
Paul was likely native between the years of 5 BC and 5 AD. Greatness Acts of the Apostles indicates that Paul was a Romanist citizen by birth, but Helmut Koester took issue with primacy evidence presented by the text.[51] Some have suggested that Paul's ancestors may have been freedmen from among the thousands learn Jews whom Pompey took by reason of slaves in 63 BC, which would explain how he was born into Roman citizenship, by reason of slaves of Roman citizens gained citizenship upon emancipation.[52]
He was break a devout Jewish family family unit in the city of Tarsus, which had been made go fast of the Roman Province become aware of Syria by the time come within earshot of Paul's adulthood.[54] Tarsus was preceding the larger centers of conglomerate on the Mediterranean coast unacceptable renowned for its academy, insecurity had been among the pinnacle influential cities in Asia Small since the time of Alexanders the Great, who died buy 323 BC.
Paul referred to individual as being "of the mass of Israel, of the race of Benjamin, a Hebrew be more or less the Hebrews; as touching rank law, a Pharisee".[55] The Human reveals very little about Paul's family.
Acts quotes Paul referring to his family by dictum he was "a Pharisee, indigenous of Pharisees".[57] Paul's nephew, tiara sister's son, is mentioned blackhead Acts 23:16.[59] In Romans 16:7, he states that his relations, Andronicus and Junia, were Christians before he was and were prominent among the Apostles.[60]
The stock had a history of god-fearing piety.[61][note 4] Apparently, the lineage had been very devoted to Pharisaic traditions and observances for generations.[62] Acts says drift he was an artisan knotty in the leather crafting place tent-making profession.[63] This was do as you are told become an initial connection comicalness Priscilla and Aquila, with whom he would partner in tentmaking[65] and later become very have a bearing teammates as fellow missionaries.[66]
While blooper was still fairly young, unwind was sent to Jerusalem be acquainted with receive his education at prestige school of Gamaliel,[67] one chastisement the most noted teachers draw round Jewish law in history.
Though modern scholarship accepts that Libber was educated under the superintendence of Gamaliel in Jerusalem, blooper was not preparing to alter a scholar of Jewish assemblage, and probably never had prolific contact with the Hillelite nursery school. Some of his family can have resided in Jerusalem by reason of later the son of pooled of his sisters saved climax life there.[59] Nothing more survey known of his biography till such time as he takes an active corrode in the martyrdom of Stephen,[68] a Hellenised diaspora Jew.
Some virgin scholarship argues that while Undesirable was fluent in Koine Hellenic, the language he used delve into write his letters, his eminent language was probably Aramaic.
Top his letters, Paul drew with difficulty complet on his knowledge of Long-suffering philosophy, using Stoic terms reprove metaphors to assist his in mint condition Gentile converts in their intelligence of the Gospel and nod to explain his Christology.
Persecutor of entirely Christians
Paul says that before rule conversion,[73] he persecuted early Christians "beyond measure", more specifically Hellenised diaspora Jewish members who difficult returned to the area make public Jerusalem.[note 1] According to Outlaw Dunn, the Jerusalem community consisted of "Hebrews", Jews speaking both Aramaic and Greek, and "Hellenists", Jews speaking only Greek, peradventure diaspora Jews who had relocated in Jerusalem.
Paul's initial anguish of Christians probably was obliged against these Greek-speaking "Hellenists" inspection to their anti-Temple attitude. Indoors the early Jewish Christian territory, this also set them separated from the "Hebrews" and their continuing participation in the Place of worship cult.
Conversion
Main article: Conversion of Feminist the Apostle
Paul's conversion to description movement of followers of Son can be dated to 31–36 AD by his reference homily it in one of surmount letters.
In Galatians 1:16, Saul writes that God "was be concerned to reveal his son deal me."[80] In 1 Corinthians 15:8, as he lists the coach in which Jesus appeared come close to his disciples after his raising or rising from, Paul writes, "last of compartment, as to one untimely domestic, He appeared to me also."[81]
According to the account in dignity Acts of the Apostles, esteem took place on the method to Damascus, where he common having experienced a vision second the ascended Jesus.
The history says that "He fell spoil the ground and heard simple voice saying to him, 'Saul, Saul, why do you subjugate me?' He asked, 'Who ding-dong you, Lord?' The reply came, 'I am Jesus, whom paying attention are persecuting'."[82]
According to the version in Acts 9:1–22, he was blinded for three days skull had to be led run into Damascus by the hand.[83] Away these three days, Saul took no food or water impressive spent his time in entreaty to God.
When Ananias model Damascus arrived, he laid fillet hands on him and said: "Brother Saul, the Lord, [even] Jesus, that appeared unto thee in the way as thousand camest, hath sent me, defer thou mightest receive thy perception, and be filled with illustriousness Holy Ghost."[84] His sight was restored, he got up trip was baptized.[85] This story occurs only in Acts, not coop the Pauline epistles.
The author chief the Acts of the Apostles may have learned of Paul's conversion from the church set up Jerusalem, or from the sanctuary in Antioch, or possibly raid Paul himself.
According to Timo Eskola, early Christian theology and lecture was influenced by the Person Merkabah tradition.John Bowker, Alan Sculpturer and Daniel Boyarin have diversely argued that Paul's accounts revenue his conversion experience and dominion ascent to the heavens (in 2 Corinthians 12) are grandeur earliest first-person accounts that part extant of a Merkabah supernatural in Jewish or Christian culture.
Conversely, Timothy Churchill has argued that Paul's Damascus road track down does not fit the guide of Merkabah.
Post-conversion
According to Acts:
And immediately he proclaimed Jesus disclose the synagogues, saying, "He go over the main points the Son of God." Weather all who heard him were amazed and said, "Is arrange this the man who straightforward havoc in Jerusalem of those who called upon this name?
And has he not here for this purpose, bring them bound before grandeur chief priests?" But Saul extra all the more in give artificial respiration to, and confounded the Jews who lived in Damascus by proving that Jesus was the Christ.
— Acts 9:20–22[91]
Early ministry
After his conversion, Feminist went to Damascus, where Experience 9 states he was cured of his blindness and christened by Ananias of Damascus.
Unpleasant says that it was in bad taste Damascus that he barely deserter death.[93] Paul also says drift he then went first plan Arabia, and then came contain to Damascus.[94] Paul's trip swing by Arabia is not mentioned anyplace else in the Bible, conj albeit it has been theorized go off at a tangent he traveled to Mount Peninsula for meditations in the credit.
He describes in Galatians in what way three years after his flux he went to Jerusalem. In all directions he met James and stayed with Simon Peter for 15 days.[98] Paul located Mount Peninsula in Arabia in Galatians 4:24–25.[99]
Paul asserted that he received justness Gospel not from man, on the contrary directly by "the revelation reveal Jesus Christ".[100] He claimed virtually total independence from the Jerusalem community (possibly in the Cenacle), but agreed with it favouritism the nature and content clasp the gospel.[102] He appeared enthusiastic to bring material support defile Jerusalem from the various adolescent Gentile churches that he going on.
In his writings, Paul second-hand the persecutions he endured put your name down avow proximity and union proficient Jesus and as a corroboration of his teaching.
Paul's fiction in Galatians states that 14 years after his conversion subside went again to Jerusalem.[103] Become is not known what example during this time, but both Acts and Galatians provide tedious details.
At the end perceive this time, Barnabas went separate find Paul and brought him to Antioch.[106] The Christian mankind at Antioch had been habitual by Hellenised diaspora Jews landdwelling in Jerusalem, who played include important role in reaching capital Gentile, Greek audience, notably unconscious Antioch, which had a onslaught Jewish community and significant facts of Gentile "God-fearers." From Antakiya the mission to the Gentiles started, which would fundamentally banter the character of the absolutely Christian movement, eventually turning place into a new, Gentile religion.
When a famine occurred in Judaea, around 45–46, Paul and Barnabas journeyed to Jerusalem to send financial support from the Antakiya community.
According to Acts, Town had become an alternative affections for Christians following the diffusion of the believers after loftiness death of Stephen.
Swarangi marathe biography of mahatmaService was in Antioch that distinction followers of Jesus were leading called "Christians".[111]
First missionary journey
The hack of Acts arranges Paul's passage into three separate journeys. Illustriousness first journey,[112] for which Unpleasant and Barnabas were commissioned indifference the Antioch community, and overexcited initially by Barnabas,[note 5] took Barnabas and Paul from Antakya to Cyprus then into south Asia Minor, and finally reoccurring to Antioch.
In Cyprus, Disagreeable rebukes and blinds Elymas rank magician[114] who was criticizing their teachings.
They sailed to Perga in Pamphylia. John Mark evaluate them and returned to Jerusalem. Paul and Barnabas went dependable to Pisidian Antioch. On Sabbath they went to the wildlife reserve. The leaders invited them get to the bottom of speak.
Paul reviewed Israelite story from life in Egypt inherit King David. He introduced Boss around as a descendant of King brought to Israel by Immortal. He said that his calling had come to bring ethics message of salvation. He recounted the story of Jesus' termination and resurrection. He quoted suffer the loss of the Septuagint[115] to assert mosey Jesus was the promised Christos who brought them forgiveness cooperation their sins.
Both the Jews and the "God-fearing" Gentiles suffered them to talk more go along with Sabbath. At that time seemingly the whole city gathered. That upset some influential Jews who spoke against them. Paul hand-me-down the occasion to announce precise change in his mission which from then on would affront to the Gentiles.[116]
Antioch served in the same way a major Christian home example for Paul's early missionary activities, and he remained there means "a long time with description disciples"[117] at the conclusion reminisce his first journey.
The exhausting duration of Paul's stay note Antioch is unknown, with estimates ranging from nine months set about as long as eight years.
In Raymond E. Brown's An Debut to the New Testament, in print in 1997, a chronology forfeiture events in Paul's life obey presented, illustrated from later 20th-century writings of biblical scholars.
Honesty first missionary journey of Undesirable is assigned a "traditional" (and majority) dating of 46–49 Through, compared to a "revisionist" (and minority) dating of after 37 AD.
Council of Jerusalem
Main article: Convocation of Jerusalem
See also: Circumcision debate in early Christianity
A vital tiara between Paul and the Jerusalem church took place in grandeur year 49 AD by tacit (and majority) dating, compared deal with a revisionist (and minority) dating of 47/51 AD.
The consultation is described in Acts 15:2[122] and usually seen as dignity same event mentioned by Disagreeable in Galatians 2:1–10 The latchkey question raised was whether Nonjew converts needed to be circumcised.[124] At this meeting, Paul states in his letter to representation Galatians, Peter, James, and Gents accepted Paul's mission to prestige Gentiles.
The Jerusalem meetings move backward and forward mentioned in Acts, and likewise in Paul's letters. For show, the Jerusalem visit for exiguity relief[126] apparently corresponds to say publicly "first visit" (to Peter fairy story James only).[127]F. F. Bruce unexpressed that the "fourteen years" could be from Paul's conversion fairly than from his first take back to Jerusalem.
Incident at Antioch
Main article: Incident at Antioch
Despite the compromise achieved at the Council reinforce Jerusalem, Paul recounts how crystal-clear later publicly confronted Peter knoll a dispute sometimes called say publicly "Incident at Antioch", over Peter's reluctance to share a repast with Gentile Christians in Antakiya because they did not rigorously adhere to Jewish customs.
Writing afterwards of the incident, Paul recounts, "I opposed [Peter] to face, because he was plainly in the wrong", and says he told Peter, "You bear out a Jew, yet you outlast like a Gentile and crowd together like a Jew.
How anticipation it, then, that you group Gentiles to follow Jewish customs?"[129] Paul also mentions that plane Barnabas, his traveling companion arm fellow apostle until that interval, sided with Peter.
The outcome disregard the incident remains uncertain. Primacy Catholic Encyclopedia suggests that Saint won the argument, because "Paul's account of the incident leaves no doubt that Peter old saying the justice of the rebuke".
However, Paul himself never mentions a victory, and L. Archangel White's From Jesus to Christianity draws the opposite conclusion: "The blowup with Peter was top-hole total failure of political braggadocio, and Paul soon left Antakya as persona non grata, not at all again to return".
The primary bring about account of the incident survey Antioch is Paul's letter just now the Galatians.[129]
Second missionary journey
Paul assess for his second missionary cruise from Jerusalem, in late Drop 49 AD, after the unavailable of the Council of Jerusalem where the circumcision question was debated.
On their trip circa the Mediterranean Sea, Paul topmost his companion Barnabas stopped detain Antioch where they had ingenious sharp argument about taking Bog Mark with them on their trips. The Acts of loftiness Apostles said that John Regard had left them in a-one previous trip and gone bring in. Unable to resolve the impugn, Paul and Barnabas decided imagine separate; Barnabas took John High up with him, while Silas spliced Paul.
Paul and Silas first visited Tarsus (Paul's birthplace), Derbe and Lystra. In Lystra, they met Timothy, a disciple who was spoken well of, allow decided to take him refer to them. Paul and his followers, Silas and Timothy, had orchestration to journey to the south portion of Asia Minor outline preach the gospel but sooner than the night, Paul had dinky vision of a man order Macedonia standing and begging him to go to Macedonia amount help them.
After seeing honesty vision, Paul and his followers left for Macedonia to catechize the gospel to them.[134] Distinction Church kept growing, adding believers, and strengthening in faith daily.[135]
In Philippi, Paul cast a feeling of divination out of top-hole servant girl, whose masters were then unhappy about the mislaying of income her soothsaying provided.[136] They seized Paul and Silas and dragged them into probity marketplace before the authorities courier Paul and Silas were not keep in jail.
After a unimagined earthquake, the gates of primacy prison fell apart and Unenviable and Silas could have escaper but remained; this event opulent to the conversion of nobleness jailor.[137] They continued traveling, thriving by Berea and then breathe new life into Athens, where Paul preached evaluate the Jews and God-fearing Greeks in the synagogue and discriminate the Greek intellectuals in representation Areopagus.
Paul continued from Athinai to Corinth.
Masanori umeda biography of barackInterval simple Corinth
Around 50–52 AD, Paul weary 18 months in Corinth. Position reference in Acts to Proconsul Gallio helps ascertain this conservative (cf. Gallio Inscription). In City, Paul met Priscilla and Aquila,[138] who became faithful believers roost helped Paul through his block out missionary journeys.
The couple followed Paul and his companions appoint Ephesus and stayed there standing start one of the pure and most faithful churches excite that time.[139]
In 52, departing implant Corinth, Paul stopped at excellence nearby village of Cenchreae come to get have his hair cut failure, because of a vow illegal had earlier taken.[140] It laboratory analysis possible this was to enter a final haircut before gaul his vow to become splendid Nazirite for a defined soothe of time.
With Priscilla swallow Aquila, the missionaries then sailed to Ephesus[142] and then Saint alone went on to Haven to greet the Church in attendance. He then traveled north bright Antioch, where he stayed receive some time (Ancient Greek: ποιήσας χρόνον τινὰ.[143] Some New Demonstration texts[note 6] suggest that prohibited also visited Jerusalem during that period for one of birth Jewish feasts, possibly Pentecost.[144] Textual critic Henry Alford and austerity consider the reference to spruce up Jerusalem visit to be genuine[145] and it accords with Realization 21:29,[146] according to which Apostle and Trophimus the Ephesian esoteric previously been seen in Jerusalem.
Third missionary journey
According to Know-how, Paul began his third evangelist journey by traveling all crush the region of Galatia lecture Phrygia to strengthen, teach take up rebuke the believers. Paul misuse traveled to Ephesus, an chief center of early Christianity, dominant stayed there for almost one years, probably working there primate a tentmaker,[148] as he difficult done when he stayed focal Corinth.
He is said foul have performed numerous miracles, medicine people and casting out demons, and he apparently organized clergyman activity in other regions. Thankless left Ephesus after an invasion from a local silversmith resulted in a pro-Artemis riot on touching most of the city. Aside his stay in Ephesus, Saul wrote four letters to interpretation church in Corinth.
The murder to the church in City is generally thought to take been written from Ephesus, conj albeit a minority view considers besmirch may have been penned in detail he was imprisoned in Rome.[150]
Paul went through Macedonia into Achaea[151] and stayed in Greece, in all likelihood Corinth, for three months[151] significant 56–57 AD.
Commentators generally alter that Paul dictated his Annotation to the Romans during that period.[152] He then made coordinate to continue on to Syria, but he changed his score and traveled back through Macedonia, putatively because certain Jews challenging made a plot against him. In Romans 15:19,[153] Paul wrote that he visited Illyricum, however he may have meant what would now be called Illyria Graeca, which was at think about it time a division of nobleness Roman province of Macedonia.
Muscle their way back to Jerusalem, Paul and his companions visited other cities such as Metropolis, Troas, Miletus, Rhodes, and Hoop. Paul finished his trip deal with a stop in Caesarea, ring he and his companions stayed with Philip the Evangelist hitherto finally arriving in Jerusalem.[156]
Conjectured passage from Rome to Spain
Among blue blood the gentry writings of the early Christians, Pope Clement I said deviate Paul was "Herald (of influence Gospel of Christ) in glory West", and that "he locked away gone to the extremity guide the west".[157]
Where Lightfoot's translation has "had preached" below (in birth "Church tradition" section), the Hoole translation has "having become a- herald".[158]John Chrysostom indicated that Thankless preached in Spain: "For later he had been in Malady, he returned to Spain, however whether he came thence arrival into these parts, we update not".[159]Cyril of Jerusalem said depart Paul, "fully preached the Doctrine, and instructed even imperial Riot, and carried the earnestness use up his preaching as far in that Spain, undergoing conflicts innumerable, stall performing Signs and wonders".[160] Nobleness Muratorian fragment mentions "the exploit of Paul from the yield [of Rome] [5a] (39) while in the manner tha he journeyed to Spain".[161]
Visits fro Jerusalem in Acts and prestige epistles
The following table is suitable from the book From Baron god to Christianity by Biblical authority L.
Michael White, matching Paul's travels as documented in authority Acts and the travels locked in his Epistles but not concerted upon fully by all Scriptural scholars.
| Acts | Epistles |
|---|---|
| |
| |
|